Biomass-derived mesoporous Hf-containing hybrid for efficient Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction at low temperatures

Hf‐based Metal‐Organic Frameworks in Heterogeneous Catalysis

“…Lewis acidity in Hf‐based MOFs, has also been demonstrated. Analytical techniques that have been used for characterization of Lewis acidity in Hf‐based MOFs are FTIR with probe molecules such as CD 3 CN, CO 2 sorption properties, NH 3 temperature program desorption (TPD) and pyridine adsorption FTIR . Interesting applications of the Lewis acidic properties of Hf‐MOFs in heterogeneous catalysis have been disclosed.…”

“…The biomass derived compound, 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), was used as organic linker for the preparation of an hybrid metal‐organic material with Hf thereby called FDCA‐Hf . Although the resulting solid was not crystalline, it showed moderate surface area (366 m 2 g −1 ) with mesopores centered at 6.9 nm, and probed a good catalyst for the Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley reduction of carbonyl compounds allowing the synthesis of γ‐valerolactone from ethyl levulinate in quantitative yields (Figure ).…”

Acid-Base Bifunctional Hf Nanohybrids-Enabled High Selectivity in Catalytic Conversion of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone

“…Organic phosphonates as ligands combined with metal ions can fast take place under liquid-phase conditions to afford corresponding inorganic-organic metal phosphonates with enhanced chemical and thermal stability [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Through the coordination of metal ions with organic phosphoric acid, additional micro-and mesopores are introduced into the resulting catalysts, thus greatly rendering increased specific surface areas [42,43], and the catalyst functionalities can be simply tuned by changing the organic ligand or preparation method [44].…”

Acid–Base Bifunctional Hf Nanohybrids Enable High Selectivity in the Catalytic Conversion of Ethyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone

“…Therefore, it is necessary to overcome these shortcomings by improving the stability of solid catalysts with a facile preparation method. Organic phosphonates as ligands combined with metal ions can react quickly under liquid-phase conditions to afford corresponding inorganic-organic metal phosphonates with enhanced chemical and thermal stability [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Through the coordination of metal ions with organic phosphoric acid, additional micro-and mesopores are introduced into the resulting catalysts, thus greatly increasing specific surface areas [42,43], and the catalyst functionalities can be simply tuned by changing the organic ligand or preparation method [44].…”

“…Amongst these conversion processes, cascade hydrogenation and cyclization were deemed in recent years as the key step in catalytically upgrading levulinic acid and its esters to GVL [17,18]. Organic phosphonates as ligands combined with metal ions can react quickly under liquid-phase conditions to afford corresponding inorganic-organic metal phosphonates with enhanced chemical and thermal stability [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Through the coordination of metal ions with organic phosphoric acid, additional micro-and mesopores are introduced into the resulting Scheme 1.…”