Biomass production and essential oil yield from leaves, fine stems and resprouts using pruning the crown of Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.) (Lauraceae) in the Central Amazon

Abstract

Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez. is a tree species from Amazon that produces essential oil. The oil extraction from its leaves and stems can be an alternative way to avoid the tree cutting for production of essential oil. The aim of this study was to analyse factors that may influence the essential oil production and the biomass of resprouts after pruning the leaves and stems of A. canelilla trees. The tree crowns were pruned in the wet season and after nine months the leaves and stems of the remaining crown and the resprouts were collected, in the dry season. The results showed that the essential oil yield and chemical composition differed among the stems, leaves and resprouts. The stems' essential oil production differed between the seasons and had a higher production in the resprouting stems than the old stems of the remaining crown. The production of essential oil and leaf biomass of resprouts were differently related to the canopy openness, indicating that light increases the production of the essential oil and decreases the biomass of resprouting leaves. This study revealed that plant organs differ in their essential oil production and that the canopy openness must be taken into account when pruning the A. canelilla tree crown in order to achieve higher oil productivity. Keywords: Non timber forest products, essential oil productivity, chemical composition, precious bark.Produção de biomassa e rendimento de óleo essencial de folhas, galhos finos e rebrotas utilizando poda da copa de Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.) (Lauraceae) na Amazônia Central resumo Aniba canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez. é uma espécie arbórea da Amazônia que produz óleo essencial. A extração do óleo de suas folhas e galhos pode ser uma forma alternativa de evitar a derrubada do tronco para sua produção de óleo essencial. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores que podem influenciar a produção de óleo essencial e sua biomassa da rebrota após a poda de folhas e galhos das árvores de A. canelilla. As copas das árvores foram podadas na estação chuvosa e, após nove meses, as folhas e os galhos da copa remanescente e da rebrota foram coletadas na estação seca. Os resultados mostraram que o rendimento e a composição química de óleo essencial diferiram entre os galhos finos, as folhas e as rebrotas. A produção de óleo essencial de galhos diferiu entre as estações e teve maior produção nos galhos da rebrota do que nos galhos velhos da copa remanescente. A produção de óleo essencial e de biomassa das folhas da rebrota foram diferentemente relacionadas com a abertura de dossel, indicando que a luz aumenta a produção de óleo essencial e diminui a de biomassa nas folhas da rebrota. Este estudo revelou que as diferenças entre os órgãos da planta na produção de óleo essencial e a abertura de dossel devem ser levadas em consideração para podar a copa da árvore da A. canelilla e alcançar maior produtividade de óleo. PAlAvrAs-chAve: Produtos florestais não-madeireiros, produtividade de óleo essencial, composição química, casca preciosa.

Planting Rosewood for Sustainable Essential Oil Production: Influence of Surrounding Forest and Seed Provenance on Tree Growth and Essential Oil Yields

“…Sangwan et al (2001) rightly emphasized that essential oil helps plants to adapt to environmental stresses (drought, intense radiation, and high temperature) and is also involved in defense mechanisms against pests. This hypothesis was corroborated by Manhaes et al (2012), in Aniba canelilla (Lauraceae) a tree growing in the Amazon rainforest. These authors showed that essential oil yield of resprouts was inversely correlated with canopy openness, i.e., light increased the yield of essential oil.…”

Aniba canelilla (Kunth) Mez (Lauraceae): A Review of Ethnobotany, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Properties

“…Regarding the parts of the plant, its yield of the stem is higher in the dry seasons. Leaf yield, however, does not appear to be influenced by such factors (Taveira et al, 2003;Manhães et al, 2012).…”

“…Its chemical composition has two main constituents, 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (1N2PE), the first known natural nitro derivative which is generally pointed as the major component and is responsible for the cinnamon-like odor characteristic of the species, and methyleneugenol (Gottlieb and Magalhães, 1959;Gottlieb and Magalhães, 1960a;Oger et al, 1994;Maia et al, 2001;Taveira et al, 2003;Lima et al, 2004;Da Silva et al, 2007;Maia and Andrade, 2009;Silva et al, 2009;Sousa, 2011;Manhães et al, 2012;Vale et al, 2013;Almeida et al, 2017;Farias et al, 2017;Giongo et al, 2017). These substances were identified both in the stem wood, bark, and leaves.…”

“…Additionally, methyleugenol was not detected in oils (Silva et al, 2009). Regarding the parts of the plant, Taveira et al (2003) has found higher percentage of 1N2PE in leaves, while Manhães et al (2012) found higher Superscript 1-4, numbering is used to correlate the items in the same row as columns 2 and 3, pointing out the reference (column 3) corresponding to the information (column 2).…”

“…Around Brazil discovery period, when Portuguese and Spanish navigators entered the Amazon River in search of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J.Presl) thought they had found a lot of this plant, instead what they had found was Casca-preciosa trees (Pinto, 1995). In folk medicine, this species is often used to treat painful and inflammatory conditions, gastrointestinal disorders, and neurological and psychiatric diseases, in addition to the treatment of infections (Maia et al, 2001;De Filipps et al, 2004;Sousa et al, 2009;Manhães et al, 2012). Some of these applications have been studied, elucidating their main constituents and ratifying their anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antihypertensive, and antioxidant potential, among others.…”