Biomass to Liquids Technology

Evans, Geraint; Smith, C. Taylor

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-087872-0.00515-1

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…When created from biomass these are classified as second generation bio-fuels 34 while the bio fuels from direct conversions are looked as the next generation fuels. Direct conversion methods are still under research investigation and are discussed in detail in 35 . The main mechanism 36 of the FT reaction is:…”

Section: Synthetic Liquid Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct conversion is the most energy efficient process 34 . But the indirect is the commercial available one and is based on the existing coal-to-liquids and gas-to-liquids techniques 35 . The process is a two-step one and starts with the gasification of the source material into syngas and the second step is conversion of the syngas into liquid fuels by FischerTropsch synthesis.…”

Section: Synthetic Liquid Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Jet Fuel produced by Nonconventional Sources: Manufacturing, Emission and Performance

Shankar

Khandelwal

2013

11th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference

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The need for alternative fuels to power aviation both commercial and military arises from two main factors -energy security and environmental safe guards. Various researchers around the world are looking at alternate feedstocks and methods to obtain drop in fuel keeping the environmental impact of the whole process in mind. The primary target for all these fuels is to satisfy physical and combustion characteristics of at least existing petroleum derived jet fuel -JP-8 and Jet A. With the present global competition for fossil fuel feedstock and increasing price the energy security offered by nonconventional sources seems very attractive. This paper looks at the physical and combustion characteristics of 1. Biodiesel from hydroprocessing (HEFA) and transesterification and 2. Coal, gas and biomass derived synthetic liquid fuels as aviation fuels. The former has already been used in various test runs and the latter already in commercial use in Johannesburg and makes comparison to find the better option. Finally we take a look at "well to wake" concept of a fuel life cycle to see how practical is their use on large scale and future requirements of the aviation industry to access the possibility of them as a long term alternate to petroleum derived jet fuel.

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Section: Synthetic Liquid Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic Liquid Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Jet Fuel produced by Nonconventional Sources: Manufacturing, Emission and Performance

Shankar

Khandelwal

2013

11th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference

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“…Photochemical, thermochemical, and electrochemical methods are the three main technologies that have been employed for the production of hydrogen from various sources [208]. Fuel hydrogen is also generated using biological routes, including direct and indirect bio-photolysis and dark fermentation and photofermentation with organisms like cyanobacteria and green algae [209]. Sharma and Ghoshal [210] surveyed various technologies for hydrogen fuel production, including steam methane reforming, gasification of coal, electrolysis of water, and technologies using biomass and nuclear energy.…”

Section: Methanoplanus Methanospirillummentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Classification, Production and Utilization of Biofuels for Internal Combustion Engine Applications

et al. 2021

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Biofuel, a cost-effective, safe, and environmentally benign fuel produced from renewable sources, has been accepted as a sustainable replacement and a panacea for the damaging effects of the exploration for and consumption of fossil-based fuels. The current work examines the classification, generation, and utilization of biofuels, particularly in internal combustion engine (ICE) applications. Biofuels are classified according to their physical state, technology maturity, the generation of feedstock, and the generation of products. The methods of production and the advantages of the application of biogas, bioalcohol, and hydrogen in spark ignition engines, as well as biodiesel, Fischer–Tropsch fuel, and dimethyl ether in compression ignition engines, in terms of engine performance and emission are highlighted. The generation of biofuels from waste helps in waste minimization, proper waste disposal, and sanitation. The utilization of biofuels in ICEs improves engine performance and mitigates the emission of poisonous gases. There is a need for appropriate policy frameworks to promote commercial production and seamless deployment of these biofuels for transportation applications with a view to guaranteeing energy security.

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“…The extent to which gas clean-up is required depends on the choice of syngas conversion route. Generally, the level of particulates will need to be reduced to 0.001-0.01 mg Nm 23 for any chemical synthesis process, but the precise extent to which (say) sulfur or halide levels need to be reduced depends on the catalysts that are going to be used. For methanol synthesis process, for example, the sulfur content of the syngas has to be below 100 ppbv [24].…”

Section: Gas Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By choosing an appropriate catalyst (usually based on iron or cobalt) and appropriate reaction conditions (usually 200-3508C and 20-40 bar), the process with its associated cracking and separation stages can be optimized to produce heavy waxes for conversion to diesel, light olefins for gasoline, naphtha for petrochemicals production or methane as a replacement for natural gas [22]. The ideal Fischer-Tropsch feedstock is a syngas consisting of a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a molar ratio of 2 : 1 [23].…”

Section: Gas Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass in a petrochemical world

Roddy

2013

Interface Focus.

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The world's increasingly voracious appetite for fossil fuels is driven by fast-growing populations and ever-rising aspirations for the lifestyles and standard of living exemplified in the developed world. Forecasts for higher electricity consumption, more comfortable living environments (via heating or cooling) and greater demand for transport fuels are well known. Similar growth in demand is projected for petrochemical-based products in the form of man-made fibres for clothing, ubiquitous plastic artefacts, cosmetics, etc. All drawing upon the same finite oil, gas and coal feedstocks. Biomass can, in principle, substitute for all of these feedstocks. Although ultimately finite, biomass resources can be expanded and renewed if this is a societal priority. This paper examines the projected growth of an energy-intensive international petrochemicals industry, considers its demand for both utilities and feedstocks, and considers the extent to which biomass can substitute for fossil fuels. The scope of this study includes biomass component extraction, direct chemical conversion, thermochemical conversion and biochemical conversion. Noting that the petrochemicals industry consumes around 10 per cent of the world's fossil fuels as feedstocks and almost as much again in utilities, various strategies for addressing future demand are considered. The need for long-term infrastructure and logistics planning is highlighted.

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Biomass to Liquids Technology

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison of Jet Fuel produced by Nonconventional Sources: Manufacturing, Emission and Performance

Comparison of Jet Fuel produced by Nonconventional Sources: Manufacturing, Emission and Performance

An Overview of the Classification, Production and Utilization of Biofuels for Internal Combustion Engine Applications

Biomass in a petrochemical world

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