Biomass valorisation over polyoxometalate-based catalysts

Abstract

The efficient utilization of biomass, the only globally available, renewable and abundant carbon-neutral source, is of high significance in green and sustainable chemistry. Polyoxometalates (POMs) and POM-based composites have been...

Recent Progress in the Chemical Upcycling of Plastic Wastes

“…[67] Biomass resources include various renewable and abundant materials such as cellulose, chitin, and others that can be utilized for chemical or fuel production. [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] The co-pyrolysis of plastic and biomass furnishes a beneficial strategy to possibly improve the quality of gas or liquid fuels, attenuate the carbon emissions, and aid the waste management (see Figure 9). The co-pyrolysis of pinewood and waste plastics such as PET, PP, and others has facilitated syngas production in the gas phase and suppressed char formation, in which the synergy between biomass and plastic enhanced the conversion efficiency and flammable gas yield.…”

Application of Polyoxometalate-based composites for sensor systems: A review

“…They are particularly useful for detecting redox-active agricultural and indus-trial contaminants, including iodate, hydrogen peroxide, chlorate, nitrate, and bromate. POMs-based composites and nanocarbon structures, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, have gained much attention due to mixing the excellent chemical activity of POMs with the fascinating electronic properties of nanocarbon structures (a high surface area associated with electrical conductivity), which make them appropriate candidates for catalytic, energy-storing, energy conversion, electronics, and molecular sensor applications [27][28][29][30].…”

Metal–Organic Framework-Based Solid Acid Materials for Biomass Upgrade

“…In general, three types of acid sites in MOFs that can be utilized for catalytic conversion of biomass: (1) metal nodes, whose coordinatively unsaturated metal sites and weakly coordinated moieties (e.g., hydroxyl, water) could function as Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites, respectively [24]; (2) acidic functional groups grafted on organic linkers [25]; (3) acidic guest species (e.g., polyoxometalate (POM) and metal oxide) accommodated inside the MOF materials [9].…”

“…Preferably, a catalyst containing both Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites is expected to convert cellulose to 5-HMF or even levulinic acid in a one-pot synthesis [8]. In industry, solid acid catalysts are more desired in biomass upgrade processes given their convenient product separation and catalyst recyclability [9,10]. Despite a few successes made by conventional solid catalysts, including zeolites, metal oxides, and acidic resins, their further advancing in biomass upgrade has been subjected to bottlenecks of relatively low surface area, ambiguous locations of active sites, and limited structural diversity [11].…”