Biomaterial applications in neural therapy and repair

Ghuman, Harmanvir; Modo, Michel

doi:10.1186/s41016-016-0057-0

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Although systemic, intravenous delivery methods can be non-invasive, they often lead to an accumulation of cells in clearing organs, including kidney and spleen, rather than the brain. Targeted intracerebral cell injection can be applied directly to the peri-infarct region; however, the multiple injections required to deliver adequate numbers of cells can cause further damage to the already injured tissue (Ghuman and Modo, 2016). With minimal damage to an already fragile environment, invasive approaches are unfavorable due to the threat of further disruption of tissue and the BBB.…”

Section: Limitations To Successful Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cells monitor the microenvironment by responding to injury through the secretion of cytokines and phagocytosing cellular debris at the site (Weinstein et al, 2010;Ghuman and Modo, 2016). Within minutes following stroke, the brain tissue surrounding the core contains activated microglia that accumulate within the lesioned cavity (Patel et al, 2013).…”

Section: Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photopolymerization processes, which are cross-linking reactions that occur with light exposure, are often used for hydrogel production; however, these reactions can lead to the formation of free-radicals that compromise cell survival. Polymers that can polymerize at physiological conditions, dependent on temperature or pH, avoid these potential toxic effects (Ghuman and Modo, 2016). Consideration of how biomaterials will interact with host tissue is critical to contribute to functional recovery of both the infarct area and surrounding tissues.…”

Section: Considerations For Development Of An Ideal Scaffoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The successful use of biomaterials that recreate the SVZ native niche should support cell survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and protein secretion as necessary for appropriate cellular delivery and engraftment into the damaged area. Combining tissue engineering and cell transplantation advances can directly influence the differentiation and survival of neural progenitor and stem cells in vitro and in vivo (Ghuman and Modo, 2016).…”

Section: Goal Of Tissue Engineering Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell incorporation in combination with these materials calls for careful observation of cell-scaffold interactions, consequently allowing for control of cell processes, such as differentiation, morphological formation, and extension, to ultimately enhance connectivity in the ischemia area (Ghuman and Modo, 2016).…”

Section: Synthetic Polymeric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stroke Repair via Biomimicry of the Subventricular Zone

Matta

Gonzalez

2018

Front. Mater.

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Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, 85% of which are ischemic. Current stroke therapies are limited by a narrow effective therapeutic time and fail to effectively complete the recovery of the damaged area. Magnetic resonance imaging of the subventricular zone (SVZ) following infarct/stroke has allowed visualization of new axonal connections and projections being formed, while new immature neurons migrate from the SVZ to the peri-infarct area. Such studies suggest that the SVZ is a primary source of regenerative cells for the repair and regeneration of stroke-damaged neurons and tissue. Therefore, the development of tissue engineered scaffolds that serve as a bioreplicative SVZ niche would support the survival of multiple cell types that reside in the SVZ. Essential to replication of the human SVZ microenvironment is the establishment of microvasculature that regulates both the healthy and stroke-injured blood-brain barrier, which is dysregulated poststroke. In order to reproduce this niche, understanding how cells interact in this environment is critical, in particular neural stem cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, ependymal cells, and microglia. Remodeling and repair of the matrix-rich SVZ niche by endogenous reparative mechanisms may then support functional recovery when enhanced by an artificial niche that supports the survival and proliferation of migrating vascular and neuronal cells. Critical considerations to mimic this area include an understanding of resident cell types, delivery method, and the use of biocompatible materials. Controlling stem cell survival, differentiation, and migration are key factors to consider when transplanting stem cells. Here, we discuss the role of the SVZ architecture and resident cells in the promotion and enhancement of endogenous repair mechanisms. We elucidate the interplay between the extracellular matrix composition and cell interactions prior to and following stroke. Finally, we review current cell and neuronal niche biomimetic materials that allow for a tissue-engineered approach in order to promote structural and functional restoration of neural circuitry. By creating an artificial mimetic SVZ, tissue engineers can strive to facilitate tissue regeneration and functional recovery.

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Section: Limitations To Successful Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microgliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Considerations For Development Of An Ideal Scaffoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Goal Of Tissue Engineering Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic Polymeric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stroke Repair via Biomimicry of the Subventricular Zone

Matta

Gonzalez

2018

Front. Mater.

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Hydrogel Scaffolds: Towards Restitution of Ischemic Stroke-Injured Brain

Gopalakrishnan

Shankarappa

Rajanikant

2018

Transl. Stroke Res.

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Chronic brain injury following cerebral ischemia is a severe debilitating neurological condition, where clinical intervention is well known to decrease morbidity and mortality. Despite the development of several therapeutic strategies, clinical outcome in the majority of patients could be better improved, since many still face life-long neurological deficits. Among the several strategic options that are currently being pursued, tissue engineering provides much promise for neural tissue salvage and regeneration in brain ischemia. Specifically, hydrogel biomaterials have been utilized to docket biomolecules, adhesion motifs, growth factors, and other proneural cues for stable stem cell encapsulation. Here, we provide an overview of therapeutic applications of hydrogels in stroke treatment. Special focus is given to design considerations for generation of efficient hydrogel systems for neurological applications. Therapeutic applications of hydrogels in stroke as conducive microenvironments for stem cell transplantation and drug delivery have been discussed. Finally, we present our perspectives on clinical translation of hydrogels for neural tissue regeneration.

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