Biomechanical evaluation of walking and cycling in children

Greca, João Paulo de Aguiar; Ryan, Jennifer M; Baltzopoulos, Vasilios; Korff, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.051

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Cycling reduces the load on the knee joint [ 2 , 3 ] and ACL [ 4 – 7 ]; the tibiofemoral compressive forces during cycling are between 0.3 and 2 times the body weight, while other full weight-bearing rehabilitative exercises (e.g., walking, stair ascent/descent) generate forces of approximately 2–4 times the body weight [ 4 , 8 – 10 ]. The patellofemoral compressive force [ 9 , 11 ], shear stress [ 12 ], tibiofemoral shear force [ 13 , 14 ], and ACL strain [ 9 , 11 , 15 , 16 ] are low during cycling; nevertheless, the quadriceps and hamstring muscles are strengthened as the knee stability increases [ 7 , 12 , 17 – 19 ]. Pedaling also increases the range of motion (ROM) of the hip, knee, and ankle joints [ 17 , 20 – 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycling kinematics in healthy adults for musculoskeletal rehabilitation guidance

Yum

Kim

Lee

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background Stationary cycling is commonly used for postoperative rehabilitation of physical disabilities; however, few studies have focused on the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of rehabilitation. This study aimed to elucidate the three-dimensional lower limb kinematics of people with healthy musculoskeletal function and the effect of sex and age on kinematics using a controlled bicycle configuration. Methods Thirty-one healthy adults participated in the study. The position of the stationary cycle was standardized using the LeMond method by setting the saddle height to 85.5% of the participant’s inseam. The participants maintained a pedaling rate of 10–12 km/h, and the average value of three successive cycles of the right leg was used for analysis. The pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle joint motions during cycling were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes. Kinematic data were normalized to 0–100% of the cycling cycle. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and k-fold cross-validation were used to analyze the data. Results In the sagittal plane, the cycling ranges of motion (ROMs) were 1.6° (pelvis), 43.9° (hip), 75.2° (knee), and 26.9° (ankle). The coronal plane movement was observed in all joints, and the specific ROMs were 6.6° (knee) and 5.8° (ankle). There was significant internal and external rotation of the hip (ROM: 11.6°), knee (ROM: 6.6°), and ankle (ROM: 10.3°) during cycling. There was no difference in kinematic data of the pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle between the sexes (p = 0.12 to 0.95) and between different age groups (p = 0.11 to 0.96) in all anatomical planes. Conclusions The kinematic results support the view that cycling is highly beneficial for comprehensive musculoskeletal rehabilitation. These results might help clinicians set a target of recovery ROM based on healthy and non-elite individuals and issue suitable guidelines to patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycling kinematics in healthy adults for musculoskeletal rehabilitation guidance

Yum

Kim

Lee

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…However, many children do not achieve these PA recommendations (Hallal et al, 2012), and pain and injuries may act as a barrier to PA participation for some children (Smith et al, 2014). In particular, weight-bearing PA, such as habitual walking and running, may result in pain and injury because of increased joint loading (Greca et al, 2019). Yet, only a few studies have examined any association between PA and pain and injuries among children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Children’s Physical Activity, Pain and Injuries

Greca

Korff²,

Ryan

2021

Percept Mot Skills

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Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationships between physical activity (PA), pain, and injury among children. Secondarily, we examined whether these relationships differed between children with normal versus excessive weight or obesity. This was a cross-sectional study of 102 children (57 girls) aged 8–12 years old. We assessed the prevalence of moderate and vigorous PA using accelerometry over a seven-day period. We examined the associations between moderate PA, vigorous PA, pain presence, and injury presence using generalized estimating equations with a logit link and binomial distribution. We adjusted the obtained models for potential confounders and explored the moderating effect of weight status. We found no association between moderate PA and pain, but time spent in vigorous PA was associated with pain. Neither moderate or vigorous PA were associated with injury, and there was no moderating effect of weight status in these relationships. In summary, we found that objectively measured vigorous PA is associated with pain among 8–12 year old children. While these results should be replicated in longitudinal studies, they suggest that an association between vigorous PA and pain should be considered when developing PA interventions for children.

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“…running that are habitually performed, may result in pain and injury because of increased joint loading [5]. However, few studies have examined if participation in PA is associated with pain and injuries in children.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association between physical activity pain and injuries in children

Greca

Korff

Ryan

2019

Preprint

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Background Children are advised to engage in physical activity to improve health. However, recent literature suggests an association between weight bearing activities, e.g. walking, and excessive joint loading in lower limbs of children. Excessive stress in joints of children may lead to pain or even cause injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pain, injury and physical activity in children.Methods This study had a cross-sectional design. 112 children aged 8-12 yr. (68 with normal weight, 38 with overweight or obesity) participated in the study. Moderate and vigorous physical activity were assessed using accelerometry over 7 days. Questionnaires were used to report pain (over 7 days) and injuries (over 12 months). Linear regression and negative binomial models were used to examine association between moderate activity, vigorous activity, and pain and injuries, respectively. Models were adjusted for potential confounders. Effect modification according to weight status was explored.Results There was no association between moderate physical activity and pain (β=0.0004, 95% CI -0.007 to 0.008; p=0.915) or between vigorous physical activity and pain (β=0.0069, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.22; p=0.354). Similarly, no association was found between moderate physical activity and injuries (Rate Ratio [RR]=1.00, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.01; p=0.995) or vigorous physical activity and injuries (RR=1.00, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.02; p=0.798). There was no evidence that associations between physical activity and pain or physical activity and injuries, respectively, differed according to weight status.Conclusions Although paediatric obesity is linked to a higher incidence of pain and injuries in children, this study did not find that moderate and vigorous physical activity are associated with pain or injuries in children, regardless of their weight status.

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Biomechanical evaluation of walking and cycling in children

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Cycling kinematics in healthy adults for musculoskeletal rehabilitation guidance

Cycling kinematics in healthy adults for musculoskeletal rehabilitation guidance

Associations Between Children’s Physical Activity, Pain and Injuries

Association between physical activity pain and injuries in children

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