Rupture properties of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) were measured in vitro in a pressure-imposed test to predict the ultimate stress of TAAs from their mechanical behavior in a physiological pressure range. Each quadrilateral (ca. 20 9 20 mm 2 ) specimen of TAAs or porcine thoracic aortas (PTAs) was pressurized from the inner wall until rupture or up to 4500 mmHg, while its deformation was being monitored. In-plane stress r and strain e of the specimen were calculated using Laplace's law and deformations of the markers drawn on the specimen surface, respectively. Ultimate stress r max and tangent elastic modulus H were determined from the r-e curve as its maximum stress and slope, respectively. The tangent elastic modulus H of PTA specimens tended to increase with the increase in r, while that of TAA specimens tended to reach a plateau in a low-r region. This tendency was confirmed by fitting a function H = C r (1 À exp(Àr/s r )) to the HÀr relation of specimens: The yielding parameter s r was significantly lower in TAAs than PTAs. Furthermore, the logarithm of the parameter s r correlated significantly with r max , for all specimens. These results may indicate that s r is one of the candidate indices for rupture risk estimation.