Biomechanical study comparing the energy cost of human bipedalism versus zenkutsu-dachi stepping of a karateka

The Acute and Long-Term Effects of Olympic Karate Kata Training on Structural and Functional Changes in the Body Posture of Polish National Team Athletes

“…The movement pattern is focused on maintaining a lowered center of the body’s pressure while bringing the back foot forward, simultaneously causing flexion of the hip joint of the front lower limb and extension in the opposite hip joint [ 25 ]. Interestingly, the biomechanical analysis of zenkutsu-dachi (basic kata stance) indicated that kata athletes do not use the biarticular muscles while performing movement patterns, which is related to generating higher moments of muscular force, without converting the body’s potential energy to kinetic energy [ 26 ]. This may also be related to the changes in the mechanical properties of the muscles and may lead to structural compensations induced by an external variable, consequently activating internal compensatory mechanisms.…”

Ankle and foot surgery: from arthrodesis to arthroplasty, three dimensional printing, sensors, artificial intelligence, machine learning technology, digital twins, and cell therapy

“…The ankle was a target for this new technology. Anatomically, the ankle and the foot form a functional unit that allows plantigrade and bipedal ambulation with some particularities in specific sports as karate in this Olympic Games Year when studied by Cazeau et al [4]. The anatomical centre of the ankle motion is the talus; the talus's articular surface was schematically considered a truncated cone with the apex directed medially.…”