Biomechanics of differences in lower facial height

Throckmorton, Gaylord S.; Finn, Richard A.; Bell, W. H.

doi:10.1016/0002-9416(80)90106-2

Cited by 193 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…5,6 A previous biomechanical study showed that a mechanical disadvantage in the masseter may result from an increase in the gonial and mandibular plane angles. 7 Similarly, in the present study, a negative correlation was found between occlusal force and MP-FH; further, MP-FH, ramus inclination, and S-Go, which are considered to be related to occlusal force, were closely correlated with the long axis length and the lateral and posterior radii of the condyles. These results clarified the relationships among occlusal force, mandibular condyle morphology, and maxillofacial morphology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Relationship between Occlusal Force and Mandibular Condyle Morphology

Kurusu

Horiuchi

Soma

2009

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To clarify the relationship between occlusal force and mandibular condyle morphology using clinical data. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 40 female patients with malocclusion. The mandibular condyle morphology was assessed by using limited cone-beam CT imaging. The maximum occlusal force was calculated by using pressure-sensitive films. Maxillofacial morphologies were analyzed by using data from lateral cephalograms. Results: Correlation analysis showed that the occlusal force was correlated with the lateral and posterior radii of the condyles, and with the mandibular plane angle to the Frankfort horizontal plane (FH). Moreover, condylar length was significantly correlated with the occlusal plane angle to the FH, the mandibular plane angle to the FH, the ramus inclination, and the posterior facial height (S-Go). Low-occlusal-force patients tended to have smaller mandibular condyles. This sizerelated difference was more remarkable on the lateral and posterior side. Conclusions: Occlusal force influences not only maxillofacial morphology but also mandibular condyle morphology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The vertical maxillofacial dimension is thought to be closely related to occlusal force. [3][4][5][6][7][8] The condylar cartilage acts as a regional adaptive growth site during mandibular growth. 9 Absence of the condyles affects the amount of mandibular growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Occlusal Force and Mandibular Condyle Morphology

Kurusu

Horiuchi

Soma

2009

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…6 This may cause functional overloading of weaker masticatory muscles, and may lead to more masticatory and cervical muscle tenderness in long-faced individuals. 15 Different craniofacial vertical dimensions lead to mechanical differences in masticatory parameters, 3,4,7 which may be of great importance for rehabilitation treatment planning, as the particularities of each facial pattern can interfere with the prosthesis prognosis. The purpose of this study was to verify whether subjects with different craniofacial morphologies present chewing side preference for mastication and lateral asymmetries of bite force and occlusal contact area.…”

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 It has been reported that the masticatory muscles of dolichofacial subjects are less efficient in generating bite force at a particular point on the lever arm, due to reduced mechanics when compared to brachyfacial subjects. 3,4 If bite force is considered to be a key determinant of masticatory function, 5 then it would be expected that mastication would also be affected by craniofacial morphology. 6 Reduced masticatory function is also related to smaller occlusal contact area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chewing side, bite force symmetry, and occlusal contact area of subjects with different facial vertical patterns

et al. 2011

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Craniofacial dimensions influence oral functions; however, it is not known whether they are associated with function asymmetry. The objective of this study was to evaluate chewing side preference and lateral asymmetry of occlusal contact area and bite force of individuals with different craniofacial patterns. Seventy-eight dentate subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the VERT index as follows: (1) mesofacial, (2) brachyfacial and (3) dolichofacial. Chewing side preference was evaluated using jaw tracking equipment, occlusal contact area was measured by silicon registration of posterior teeth, and bite force was measured unilaterally on molar regions using 2.25 mm-thick sensors. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA on Ranks, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests at a 5% significance level. Mesofacial, brachyfacial, and dolichofacial subjects presented more occlusal contact area on the left side. Only dolichofacial subjects showed lateral asymmetry for bite force, presenting higher force on the left side. No statistically significant differences were found for chewing side preference among all groups. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that craniofacial dimensions play a role in asymmetry of bite force. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01286363.

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“…Bite force measurement has been used as a noninvasive method for assessing properties of the craniofacial complex including craniofacial biomechanics Proffit el al., 1982;Ringqvist, 1973b;Throckmorton et al, 1980) and the strength (Black, 1895;Brekhaus et al, 1941;DeBoever et al, 1978;Dechow and Carlson, 1982a;Howell andBrudevold, 1950: Nyquist andOwall, 1968;Pruim, 1979;Pruim et al, 1980;Ringqvist, 1973a: Robins, 1977Worner, 1939;Worner and Anderson, 1944), electrical activity (Garrett et al, 1969;Palla and Ash, 1981) and length-tension relationships Carlson, 1982b: Manns ec al., 1979;Nordstrom and Yemm, 1974;Thexton and Hiiemae, 1975) of the muscles of mastication. Additionally, bite force has been used to indicate alterations in mast&tory function with changes in vertical dimension (Boos, 1940;Boucher ef al., 1959;Tueller, 1969), muscle training (Linderholm et al, 1971;Yurkstas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method of bite force measurement in primates

Dechow

Carlson

1983

Journal of Biomechanics

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Abstract-A bite force transducer consisting of two differential strain beams with four strain gages in a full bridge configuration was modified for measuring occlusal forces in rhesus monkeys. A procedure of muscle stimulation (2(t50 V, 60 Hz, and 0.8 ms duration) produced maximal unilateral masticatory muscle contraction when stimulating electrodes were placed in the masseter muscle. Tests of this procedure revealed reproducible results and a potential for use in studies of the force of isometric contraction of the masticatory muscles in normal and experimentally altered macaques and other primates.

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Biomechanics of differences in lower facial height

Cited by 193 publications

References 11 publications

Relationship between Occlusal Force and Mandibular Condyle Morphology

Relationship between Occlusal Force and Mandibular Condyle Morphology

Chewing side, bite force symmetry, and occlusal contact area of subjects with different facial vertical patterns

A method of bite force measurement in primates

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