Biomedical Applications of Advanced Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles

Abstract

In this review, we have presented the latest results and highlights on biomedical applications of a class of noble metal nanoparticles, such as gold, silver and platinum, and a class of magnetic nanoparticles, such as cobalt, nickel and iron. Their most important related compounds are also discussed for biomedical applications for treating various diseases, typically as cancers. At present, both physical and chemical methods have been proved very successful to synthesize, shape, control, and produce metal- and oxide-based homogeneous particle systems, e.g., nanoparticles and microparticles. Therefore, we have mainly focused on functional magnetic nanoparticles for nanomedicine because of their high bioadaptability to the organs inside human body. Here, bioconjugation techniques are very crucial to link nanoparticles with conventional drugs, nanodrugs, biomolecules or polymers for biomedical applications. Biofunctionalization of engineered nanoparticles for biomedicine is shown respective to in vitro and in vivo analysis protocols that typically include drug delivery, hyperthermia therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and recent outstanding progress in sweep imaging technique with Fourier transformation (SWIFT) MRI. The latter can be especially applied using magnetic nanoparticles, such as Co-, Fe-, Ni-based nanoparticles, α-Fe2O3, and Fe3O4 oxide nanoparticles for analysis and treatment of malignancies. Therefore, this review focuses on recent results of scientists, and related research on diagnosis and treatment methods of common and dangerous diseases by biomedical engineered nanoparticles. Importantly, nanosysems (nanoparticles) or microsystems (microparticles) or hybrid micronano systems are shortly introduced into nanomedicine. Here, Fe oxide nanoparticles ultimately enable potential and applicable technologies for tumor-targeted imaging and therapy. Finally, we have shown the latest aspects of the most important Fe-based particle systems, such as Fe, α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Fe-Fe(x)O(y) oxide core-shell nanoparticles, and CoFe2O4-MnFe2O4 core-shell nanoparticles for nanomedicine in the efficient treatment of large tumors at low cost in near future.

Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

“…The future applications and challenges in magnetic nanoparticle‐based biomedicine pass through the definitive clarification of the toxicological aspects in nanoscale of NPs and nanosystems both in in vivo and in vitro trials as well as the determination of the long‐term stability of the functionalized MNPs before they can be widely introduced for their clinical use . Further, interdisciplinary approaches are needed to guarantee that the experiments performed in laboratory can more clearly match the estimated conditions that would be faced in vivo, allowing proper steps toward applications.…”

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

“…Fe–Co binary alloys are of particular interest due to their high saturation magnetization, large permeability and high magnetophoretic mobility [14], which make them suitable as magnetic carriers for bioseparation and drug delivery [15–16]. Fe–Co bulk alloys are soft magnetic materials which have the largest known saturation magnetization per atom (2.45 µB/atom) [17–18] in addition to low coercivity and a high Curie temperature ( T c ≈ 900 °C) [19–20], and are thus highly suitable for high-temperature applications.…”

Selection of potential iron oxide nanoparticles for breast cancer treatment based on in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake

“…Nanoparticles have gained an increasing importance as promising new tools for drug targeting, hyperthermia and imaging. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Especially, biocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which have been in clinical…”