Biomedical applications of nanobiosensors: the state-of-the-art

Abstract

O desenvolvimento de nanobiosensores é um dos avanços mais recentes no campo da nanotecnologia. A investigação sobre nanobiosensores ópticos com dimensões submicrométricas tem aberto novos horizontes para as medições intracelulares. Aproveitando as propriedades únicas dos nanomateriais, nanobiosensores mais rápidos e sensíveis podem ser desenvolvidos. Além de serem sensíveis e rápidos, os estudos de nanobiosensores têm voltado seus esforços para o desenvolvimento de sensores baseados em nanomateriais que são acessíveis, robustos e reprodutíveis. Os nanobiosensores estão equipados com sondas biorreceptoras imobilizadas, por exemplo, anticorpos, substrato de enzima. A excitação por laser é transmitida para o sistema fotométrico na forma de sinal óptico (fluorescência). Os nanobiosessores poderão revolucionar no futuro o diagnóstico de doenças. A presente revisão discute os conceitos básicos, a evolução e as aplicações biomédicas de nanobiosensores.Development of nanobiosensor is one of the most recent advancement in the field of Nanotechnology. Research on optical nanobiosensors with submicron-sized dimensions has opened new horizons for intracellular measurements. Taking advantage of the unique properties of the nanomaterials, faster and sensitive nanobiosensors can be developed. Apart from being sensitive and fast, the studies related to nanobiosensors have geared their efforts towards the development of nanomaterial-based sensors that are affordable, robust and reproducible. The nanobiosensors are equipped with immobilized bioreceptor probes, e.g., antibodies, enzyme substrate. Laser excitation is transmitted to photometric system in the form of optical signal (fluorescence). Nanobiosensors will revolutionize the future of disease diagnosis. The present review discusses the basic concepts, developments and the biomedical applications of nanobiosensors.

Nanobiotechnology Solutions againstAedes aegypti

“…Some nanodiagnostic tools are based on nanomaterials such as liposomes, nanopores and nanowires, which are coupled to conventional methods such as fluorescence, potentiometry and voltammetry. 16 Most of them include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Although these systems give rapid diagnostic information and use of inexpensive materials, they are currently unavailable or are scarce for clinical practice.…”

Tackling the Problem of Tuberculosis by Nanotechnology

“…Nanobiosensors systems are efficiently used in diagnosis of diseases, environmental monitoring, food quality control, and defense as a smart approach (Zhou et al, 2011;Rai et al, 2012;Singh et al, 2014). For instance, by using goldcoated nanobiosensors, Duman et al (2009) demonstrated detection of target molecules (synthetic and PCR products) very effectively at nanomolar levels.…”

Nanobiotechnology perspectives. Role of nanotechnology in the food industry: a review

“…These immunosensors were applied for phage detection, resulting in great potential in health care, with special emphasis on food safety (Shirale et al, 2010). It is known that applications of nanomaterials in biosensors provided opportunities to generate a new aspect of biosensor technologies and with importance in food analysis (Rai et al, 2012). It is known that applications of nanomaterials in biosensors provided opportunities to generate a new aspect of biosensor technologies and with importance in food analysis (Rai et al, 2012).…”

“…Electronic noses were applied to the detection of fungal contamination of cereal grain samples, for food spoilage detection and for the presence of Ganoderma boninense on palm oil tree trunks (Abdullah et al, 2011 and reference there in). Electrochemical nanosensors, especially amperometric ones, are of great interest nowadays, because of their high sensitivity for the detection of important components or pollutants in agriculture and in foods Rai et al, 2012). Novel nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors, such as carbon nanotubes and metallic nanoparticles, among others, for pesticide detection in food have been reviewed recently and showed advantages over classical detection techniques (Xiang et al, 2011).…”

“…Nanosensors using novel methods, such as amperometry and magnetic relaxation by gold nanoparticles, plasmonic shifts in iron oxide nanoparticles and changes in magnetic properties to detect pathogens, toxins, antigens and nucleic acids with a great sensitivity have also been described (Kaittanis et al, 2010). It is known that applications of nanomaterials in biosensors provided opportunities to generate a new aspect of biosensor technologies and with importance in food analysis (Rai et al, 2012). The advances in nanobiosensor technology were discussed in a recent review highlighting interesting immunosensors based on biomolecules associated with gold nanoparticles with a wide range of applications in food (Vidotti et al, 2011).…”