Biomedical applications of tannic acid

Abstract

Tannic Acid (TA) is a naturally occurring antioxidant polyphenol that has gained popularity over the past decade in the field of biomedical research for its unique biochemical properties. Tannic acid, typically extracted from oak tree galls, has been used in many important historical applications. TA is a key component in vegetable tanning of leather, iron gall ink, red wines, and as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of maladies. The basis of TA utility is derived from its many hydroxyl groups and its affinity for forming hydrogen bonds with proteins and other biomolecules. Today, the study of TA has led to the development of many new pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. TA has been shown to reduce inflammation as an antioxidant, act as an antibiotic in common pathogenic bacterium, and induce apoptosis in several cancer types. TA has also displayed antiviral and antifungal activity. At certain concentrations, TA can be used to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as hemorrhoids and diarrhea, severe burns, and protect against neurodegenerative diseases. TA has also been utilized in biomaterials research as a natural crosslinking agent to improve mechanical properties of natural and synthetic hydrogels and polymers, while also imparting anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer activity to the materials. TA has also been used to develop thin film coatings and nanoparticles for drug delivery. In all, TA is fascinating molecule with a wide variety of potential uses in pharmaceuticals, biomaterials applications, and drug delivery strategies.

Advances in Hemostatic Hydrogels That Can Adhere to Wet Surfaces

“…There are also low-cost and safe substances considered alternatives to DA, like plant-derived polyphenolic compounds such as TAs containing catechol/pyrogallol molecules. Nevertheless, it should be noted that additional stimuli are required to stimulate the formation of polymer-TA hydrogels [110,111]. Moreover, the incorporation of artificial nanoenzymes with antioxidant properties to fabricate a multifunctional hemostatic hydrogel may also facilitate their translation [112].…”

Research Progress on Small Molecular Inhibitors of the Type 3 Secretion System

“…Tannic acid (TA; Figure 15 ) is a kind of natural polyphenolic compound, which is derived from oak tree galls. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and antioxidant activities and induces apoptosis in cancer cells, in addition to other biological activities [ 217 ]. Shu et al [ 218 ] conducted a series of experiments to study TA’s T3SS inhibitory activity.…”

Co-Encapsulation of Tannic Acid and Resveratrol in Zein/Pectin Nanoparticles: Stability, Antioxidant Activity, and Bioaccessibility

“…Commercially, TA is not molecularly homogenous. Typically, it consists of a mixture of substances that exhibits a central glucose molecule with a number (2–12) of branched galloyl moieties attached [ 24 ]. This structure of TA means that many of its phenolic groups are available to interact with other molecules, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and alkaloids [ 25 , 26 ].…”

“…This structure of TA means that many of its phenolic groups are available to interact with other molecules, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and alkaloids [ 25 , 26 ]. TA has been reported to exhibit multiple biological behaviors, including antitumor, antimicrobial, antimutagen, and antioxidant activities [ 24 , 27 , 28 ]. Moreover, it is also generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration.…”