Biomimetic apatite formation on chemically treated titanium

Surface modification of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for biomedical applications

“…Since Kim and Kokubo et al introduced the alkali and heat treatment to improve the bioactivity of titanium and its alloys, many researchers have further investigated the mechanism and optimized the treatment process for better bioactivity [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106]. Lee et al [92] investigated the bioactivity and surface changes on surface treated Ti-In-Nb-Ta and commercial Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloys by in vitro tests using simulated body fluids.…”

“…It thus appears that the corrosion resistance to alkalis is enhanced on the Ti-In-Nb-Ta alloy. Jonášová et al [101] postulated that titanium treated in NaOH formed inhomogeneous and non-uniform apatite after exposition in SBF. Etching of titanium by HCl under inert atmosphere was explored to produce a uniform microroughened surface that provided improved conditions for in situ apatite formation.…”

Synthesis of Titanate and Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Thin Films and Their Applications to Biomaterials

“…Kim et al (Kim et al, 1996) first reported the formation of a sodium titanate thin film with a porous network structure on a titanium metal plate by alkali and heat treatment and demonstrated the osteoconductive property of the obtained sodium titanate thin film. Since then, researchers have actively performed many studies on the applications of sodium titanate thin films in implants Nishiguchi et al, 1999;Jonášová et al, 2003;Muramatsu et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008). Similar studies have also been performed on calcium titanate thin films (Hanawa et al, 1997;Hamada et al, 2002;Nakagawa et al, 2005;Kon et al, 2007;Ohtsu et al, 2008), titanium dioxide thin films (Ohtsuki et al, 1997;Wang et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2003;Byon et al, 2007), and a nanohydroxyapatite thin film (Xiong et al, 2010), and the excellent biocompatibilities of these films have been reported.…”

Advances in Biomimetic Apatite Coating on Metal Implants

“…The free hydrogen results from the reaction between titanium and hydrofluoric acid and can adsorb on the titanium surface to cause embrittlement of the surface layer( ASTM standard B600, 1997;Lausmaa, 2001). The acid etching of titanium in HCl under inert atmosphere as a pretreatment was used to obtain a uniform initial microroughened surface before alkali treatment, which provided an improved condition for a homogenous hydroxycarbonated apatite precipitation after exposition in SBF (Jonášová et al, 2004). Nitric acid passivation was also used as a pretreatment before alkaline treatment to form a microporous surface on NiTi alloy( M.F.…”

“…Chen et al, 2003). In order to solve the inhomogeneous and non-uniform apatite deposition of NaOH-treated titanium after exposition in SBF, acid etching of titanium in HCl under inert atmosphere was used as a pretreatment to obtain a uniform micro-roughened surface before alkali treatment, and the acid etching provided an improved condition for homogenous apatite deposition (Jonášová et al, 2004). Though NaOH-treated titanium could form a bone-like apatite layer on its surface in SBF via the release of Na + , the inflammation response and cell death would occur if the released Na + increased external alkalinity (Silver et al, 2001).…”