Biomimetic biphasic scaffolds for osteochondral defect repair

Abstract

The osteochondral defects caused by vigorous trauma or physical disease are difficult to be managed. Tissue engineering provides a possible option to regenerate the damaged osteochondral tissues. For osteochondral reconstruction, one intact scaffold should be considered to support the regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone. Therefore, the biphasic scaffolds with the mimic structures of osteochondral tissues have been developed to close this chasm. A variety of biomimetic bilayer scaffolds fabricated from natural or synthetic polymers, or the ones loading with growth factors, cells, or both of them make great progresses in osteochondral defect repair. In this review, the preparation and in vitro and/or in vivo verification of bioinspired biphasic scaffolds are summarized and discussed, as well as the prospect is predicted.

Isolation and characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from synovial fluid by magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS)

“…Therefore, attempts have been made to use cell-based tissue repair techniques to intervene in cartilage defects (Donaldson et al, 2015;Li et al, 2015). Therefore, attempts have been made to use cell-based tissue repair techniques to intervene in cartilage defects (Donaldson et al, 2015;Li et al, 2015).…”

“…Articular cartilage has been demonstrated to possess poor regenerative capacity. Therefore, attempts have been made to use cell-based tissue repair techniques to intervene in cartilage defects (Donaldson et al, 2015;Li et al, 2015). The primary obstacle associated with autologous chondrocyte implantation in articular cartilage repair is the loss of the chondrocyte phenotype (Duan et al, 2015).…”

The unique calcium chelation property of poly(vinyl phosphonic acid‐co‐acrylic acid) and effects on osteogenesis in vitro

“…With the recent technology advancements on scaffold biological functionality, researchers have focused on creating a bioactive scaffold that mimics the native bone extracellular matrix with both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties . This can be achieved through the incorporation of bioactive moieties, such as polymers, growth factors, or proteins, into or onto the scaffold …”

Two Layered Scaffolds (Loofah/PLLA/Cellulose/Chitin) for Repair of Osteochondral Defect

“…Sung et al reported that fast degradation of the scaffold might negatively affect the cell viability and migration into the scaffold in vitro and in vivo [25,26]. Indeed, we examined the LDH activities slightly increased ( Figure 3B) at day 5.…”