Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Coatings for Bioactivation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Methodological Approach and In Vitro Evaluation of Biocompatibility
Abstract:Ti6Al4V as a common implant material features good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, untreated, it lacks bioactivity. In contrast, coatings with calcium phosphates (CaP) were shown to improve cell–material interactions in bone tissue engineering. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate how to tailor biomimetic CaP coatings on Ti6Al4V substrates using modified biomimetic calcium phosphate (BCP) coating solutions. Furthermore, the impact of substrate immersion in a 1 M alkaline CaCl2 sol… Show more
“… This strategy can be altered for the fuse of medications or development features onto the embed surface along these lines making the inserts osteoinductive and osteoconductive. ( Kreller et al., 2021 ) Figure 10 Surface morphology of Treated Ti surface (a) sandblasted and etched with warm HCl ( Kim et al., 2008 ); (b) Plasma sprayed ( Jemat et al., 2015 ); (c) Anodized ( Elias, 2011 ); (d) Sol-gel coating ( Jaafar et al., 2020 ). …”
Section: Surface Modification Of Ti Implantsmentioning
“… This strategy can be altered for the fuse of medications or development features onto the embed surface along these lines making the inserts osteoinductive and osteoconductive. ( Kreller et al., 2021 ) Figure 10 Surface morphology of Treated Ti surface (a) sandblasted and etched with warm HCl ( Kim et al., 2008 ); (b) Plasma sprayed ( Jemat et al., 2015 ); (c) Anodized ( Elias, 2011 ); (d) Sol-gel coating ( Jaafar et al., 2020 ). …”
Section: Surface Modification Of Ti Implantsmentioning
“…Normality tests were performed using Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistically significant variations were defined by the Tukey pos-hoc test utilizing a one-way analysis of variances (ANOVA) for normal distribution and the Friedman analysis for non-normal distribution [54]. The p levels indicated with asterisks (*) set at p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**) and p < 0.001 (***) were considered statistical differences.…”
Alginate (Alg) hydrogels are commonly used as bioinks in 3D bioprinting. However, one of the significant drawbacks of using Alg hydrogels is their unstable mechanical properties. In this study, a novel hydrogel-based ink composed of Alg reinforced with functionalised boron nitride nanotubes (f-BNNTs) was developed and systematic quantitative characterisation was conducted to validate its printability, physiochemical properties and biocompatibility. The printability, contact angle and mechanical test results indicated good structural stability of the scaffolds. The thermal stability of the scaffolds increased with the incorporation of f-BNNTs into Alg. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293T) were seeded on the scaffolds and the cell viability was recorded for 24, 48 and 72 h. Quantitative studies showed a slight effect on toxicity with a higher concentration of BNNTs in scaffolds. The results suggest that the 3D printable f-BNNTs reinforced Alg could be used as bioink for tissue engineering applications with further studies on biocompatibility.
“…They adhere to the surface of the biomimetic composite, increasing the biocompatibility of the entire coating surface on the Ti implant. This method aims to achieve complex deposition layers that combine HAP nanoparticles with biocompatible binding components such as collagen [95][96][97][98][99].…”
Section: Physical and Chemical Characterization Of Biomimetic Coating...mentioning
Critical-sized defects in bone induced by trauma have in numerous presented cases difficult challenges to the current treatment for bone repair. The main purpose of bone tissue engineered scaffolds is to use advanced materials to promote the natural healing process of bone which does not easily occur in critical-sized defects or on metallic implants. A synthetic bone scaffold and a coating on Ti implants must be biocompatible and biodegradable to allow the native tissue integration, and mimic the chemical composition and structure of native bone. In addition to being physically and chemically biomimetic, an ideal scaffold and the coating layers on metallic implants must be capable of releasing essential physiologic elements, like Mg, Zn, Sr and Si, and also containing bioactive molecules (e.g., collagen, COL) to accelerate extracellular matrix production and tissue integration. Also, these advanced materials might be doped with drugs (e.g., antibiotics, such as vancomycin) to prevent undesired biological response such as infections, especially with Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus. Various biomaterials include hydroxyapatite (HAP) ceramics or multifunctional hydroxyapatite substituted with Mg, Zn, Sr and Si, mf-HAP, polymers, such as poly lactic acid (PLA, approved for medical applications by Food and Drug Administration, US FDA, and collagen, or their mixtures as biomimetic composites which have been investigated for their potential as bone scaffold materials and coatings on metallic implants. This article briefly reviews the physical and chemical characteristics of used advanced materials and describes the key-technologies in mimicking the physical and chemical environment of bone using synthetic materials, and provides an over view of local drug delivery as it pertains to bone tissue engineering.
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