Biomimetic Nanoparticles Coated with Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as a New-Generation Platform for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

The biomedical field is currently reaping the benefits of research on biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs), which are synthetic nanoparticles fabricated with natural cellular materials for nature-inspired biomedical applications. These camouflage NPs are capable of retaining not only the physiochemical properties of synthetic nanoparticles but also the original biological functions of the cellular materials. Accordingly, NPs coated with cell-derived membrane components have achieved remarkable growth as prospective biomedical materials. Particularly, bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV), which is a cell membrane coating material for NPs, is regarded as an important molecule that can be employed in several biomedical applications, including immune response activation, cancer therapeutics, and treatment for bacterial infections with photothermal activity. The currently available cell membrane-coated NPs are summarized in this review. Furthermore, the general features of bacterial OMVs and several multifunctional NPs that could serve as inner core materials in the coating strategy are presented, and several methods that can be used to prepare OMV-coated NPs (OMV-NPs) and their characterization are highlighted. Finally, some perspectives of OMV-NPs in various biomedical applications for future potential breakthrough are discussed. This in-depth review, which includes potential challenges, will encourage researchers to fabricate innovative and improvised, new-generation biomimetic materials through future biomedical applications.

Vegetative Insecticidal Protein Vip3Aa Is Transported via Membrane Vesicles in Bacillus thuringiensis BMB171

“…MVs have potential in medicine, biology, and nanotechnology, such as employed in nanotechnology, delivering antibiotics or anticancer drugs, and killing bacteria [ 38 , 39 ]. They can also be developed into effective vaccines [ 40 , 41 ], and vesicle immunization effectively protects mice from B. anthracis [ 23 ].…”

Surface Membrane Coating as a Versatile Platform for Modifying Antitumor Nanoparticles

“…With the development of cell membrane research, the bacterial cell membrane is also a potential membrane material. 76 Such as Gram-negative bacteria, the extraction method is relatively simple, because of no bacterial nucleus. Some proteins target tumors on bacterial membranes and anaerobic bacteria can also be exploited for the hypoxic treatment of cancer.…”

“…With the development of cell membrane research, the bacterial cell membrane is also a potential membrane material . Such as Gram-negative bacteria, the extraction method is relatively simple, because of no bacterial nucleus.…”

Design principles of bioinspired interfaces for biomedical applications in therapeutics and imaging

“…Generally, bacterial membrane-coated NPs (BM-NPs) are fabricated by coating NPs with processed bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Naskar et al discuss the details of the preparation of OMVs and fabrication of BMNPs (Naskar et al, 2021). BMNPs are relatively new in the field of cell membrane-coated NPs, and comprehensive research studies are still under development.…”