Biomimetic pupils for augmenting eye emulation in humanoid robots

Strathearn, Carl; Ma, Minhua

doi:10.1007/s10015-018-0482-6

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The pupil frequency, range and acceleration rates were marginally randomised to give the robotic eyes greater organic movements in advance of the 60-s time limit. For example, as indicated by double brackets, Video B: positive emotive robotic eye algorithm: Range ((pos = random (54,58); pos2< = random (70,74)); Freq: *10) + ((random (1,4)). delay ((3,7); +/− 4 ms)) and in Video F: negative emotive robotic eye algorithm: Range (pos = random (35,39); pos2< = random (55;59); Freq: *3) + random (1,3).…”

Section: Results Of Positive Video Stimulus Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The irregularities commonly observed in traditional glass and acrylic prosthetic eyes have the potential to reduce visual authenticity and instigate the uncanny valley effect (UVE). However, previous robotic eye prototypes with dilating pupils are incapable of responding to both light and emotion, which is not indicative of the sensory capabilities of the human eye [1]. This consideration is significant per the Uncanny Valley (UV) hypothesis, which suggests that RHRs fall into the UV as they lack organic nuances such as pupil dilation and accurate lip-sync.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This practical study follows on from two previously published position papers on the application of dilating robotic pupils in HRI [1,2]. Human eyes are commonly referred to as 'windows to the soul' as they reflect and encapsulate love, life and sentience, [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Eyes with Emotion and Light Responsive Pupils for Realistic Humanoid Robots

Strathearn

2021

Informatics

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This study employs a novel 3D engineered robotic eye system with dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) pupils and a 3D sculpted and colourised gelatin iris membrane to replicate the appearance and materiality of the human eye. A camera system for facial expression analysis (FEA) was installed in the left eye, and a photo-resistor for measuring light frequencies in the right. Unlike previous prototypes, this configuration permits the robotic eyes to respond to both light and emotion proximal to a human eye. A series of experiments were undertaken using a pupil tracking headset to monitor test subjects when observing positive and negative video stimuli. A second test measured pupil dilation ranges to high and low light frequencies using a high-powered artificial light. This data was converted into a series of algorithms for servomotor triangulation to control the photosensitive and emotive pupil dilation sequences. The robotic eyes were evaluated against the pupillometric data and video feeds of the human eyes to determine operational accuracy. Finally, the dilating robotic eye system was installed in a realistic humanoid robot (RHR) and comparatively evaluated in a human-robot interaction (HRI) experiment. The results of this study show that the robotic eyes can emulate the average pupil reflex of the human eye under typical light conditions and to positive and negative emotive stimuli. However, the results of the HRI experiment indicate that replicating natural eye contact behaviour was more significant than emulating pupil dilation.

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Section: Results Of Positive Video Stimulus Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Eyes with Emotion and Light Responsive Pupils for Realistic Humanoid Robots

Strathearn

2021

Informatics

Self Cite

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“…This will potentially yield new anticipatory algorithms that would allow collaborative agents to adapt their behaviour to mitigate hazardous contacts in shared workspaces. Some work in this direction includes, Strathearn and Ma (2018) where the authors explore applying psycho-social indicators to model operator behaviour and anticipate operator actions likely to lead to safety hazards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth mentioning that psychosocial measurement is an essential starting basis for developing strategies for integrating human behavioural factors while designing robotic systems to enhance their safety. For instance, we see effort reported in studies towards utilising a measurement of pupillary response as the basis of quantifying cognitive loads for the operator (Strathearn and Ma, 2018;Borghini et al, 2020).…”

Section: Psychosocial and Ethical Considerations For The Design Of Robot Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining Safety in Light of Human-Robot Interaction: A Critical Review of Current Standards and Regulations

et al. 2021

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Policymakers need to consider the impacts that robots and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have on humans beyond physical safety. Traditionally, the definition of safety has been interpreted to exclusively apply to risks that have a physical impact on persons’ safety, such as, among others, mechanical or chemical risks. However, the current understanding is that the integration of AI in cyber-physical systems such as robots, thus increasing interconnectivity with several devices and cloud services, and influencing the growing human-robot interaction challenges how safety is currently conceptualised rather narrowly. Thus, to address safety comprehensively, AI demands a broader understanding of safety, extending beyond physical interaction, but covering aspects such as cybersecurity, and mental health. Moreover, the expanding use of machine learning techniques will more frequently demand evolving safety mechanisms to safeguard the substantial modifications taking place over time as robots embed more AI features. In this sense, our contribution brings forward the different dimensions of the concept of safety, including interaction (physical and social), psychosocial, cybersecurity, temporal, and societal. These dimensions aim to help policy and standard makers redefine the concept of safety in light of robots and AI’s increasing capabilities, including human-robot interactions, cybersecurity, and machine learning.

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Biomimetic pupils for augmenting eye emulation in humanoid robots

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Artificial Eyes with Emotion and Light Responsive Pupils for Realistic Humanoid Robots

Artificial Eyes with Emotion and Light Responsive Pupils for Realistic Humanoid Robots

Redefining Safety in Light of Human-Robot Interaction: A Critical Review of Current Standards and Regulations

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