Biomimetic Synthesis of PANI/Graphitic Oxidized Carbon Nitride for Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) composites have gained momentum as supercapacitive materials due to their high energy density and power density. However, some drawbacks in their performance remain, such as the low stability after hundreds of charge-discharge cycles and limitations in the synthesis scalability. Herein, we report for the first time PANI-Graphitic oxidized carbon nitride composites as potential supercapacitor material. The biomimetic polymerization of aniline assisted by hematin, supported by phosphorous and oxygen-modified carbon nitrides (g-POCN and g-OCN, respectively), achieved up to 89% yield. The obtained PAI/g-POCN and PANI/g-OCN show enhanced electrochemical properties, such as conductivity of up to 0.0375 S/cm, specific capacitances (Cs) of up to 294 F/g (at high current densities, 5 A/g) and a stable operation after 500 charge-discharge cycles (at 3 A/g). In contrast, the biomimetic synthesis of Free PANI, assisted by stabilized hematin in cosolvents, exhibited lower performance properties (65%). Due to their structural differences, the electrochemical properties of Free PANI (conductivity of 0.0045 S/cm and Cs of up to 82 F/g at 5 A/g) were lower than those of nanostructured PANI/g-POCN and g-OCN supports, which provide stability and improve the properties of biomimetically synthesized PANI. This work reveals the biomimetic synthesis of PANI, assisted by hematin supported by modified carbon nitrides, as a promising strategy to produce nanostructured supercapacitors with high performance.

Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole/graphitic carbon nitride/niobium pentoxide nanocomposite for high‐performance energy storage applications

“…The electrolyte–electrode interaction can be significantly improved due to the short ionic migration routes and wide accessible surface area. However, when the current increases, the diffusion velocity of Ppy/Nb 2 O 5 , Ppy/GCN, and bare Ppy changes drastically, reducing their storage capacity loading 44 …”

“…However, when the current increases, the diffusion velocity of Ppy/Nb 2 O 5 , Ppy/GCN, and bare Ppy changes drastically, reducing their storage capacity loading. 44 published values in the literature. This suggests that the Ppy/GCN/Nb 2 O 5 electrode is a viable electrode material for applications involving supercapacitors.…”

High‐Performance and Stable Polyaniline@Niobium Sulfide Electrode for an Asymmetric Supercapacitor

“…Conducting polymers find wide-ranging applications in energy storage devices thanks to their unique electrical and electrochemical properties [19][20][21][22]. Among various conducting polymers like polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PANI is widely used in energy harvesting and photocatalysis applications due to its ease of processing, cost-effectiveness, and environmental stability [23][24][25][26][27]. PANI, being a redox-active material, enhances electrochemical reversibility during redox reactions and provides ion diffusion sites that significantly improve the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices [28,29].…”