Biomineralization improves mechanical and osteogenic properties of multilayer‐modified PLGA porous scaffolds

Abstract

Poly-(lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) has been widely investigated as scaffold material for bone tissue engineering owing to its biosafety, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, the bioinert surface of PLGA may fail in regulating cellular behavior and directing osteointegration between the scaffold and the host tissue. In this article, oxidized chondroitin sulfate (oCS) and type I collagen (Col I) were assembled onto PLGA surface via layer by layer technique (LbL) as an adhesive coating for the attachment of inorganic minerals. The multilayer-modified PLGA scaffold was mineralized in vitro to ensure the deposition of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP). It was found that nHAP crystals were more uniformly and firmly attached on the multilayer-modified PLGA as compared with the pure PLGA scaffold, which remarkably improved PLGA surface and mechanical properties. Additionally, in vitro biocompatibility of PLGA scaffold, in terms of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) attachment, spreading and proliferation was greatly enhanced by nHAP coating and multilayer deposition. Furthermore, the fabricated composite scaffold also shows the ability to promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the up-regulation of osteogenic marker genes. Thus, this novel biomimetic composite scaffold might achieve a desirable therapeutic result for bone tissue regeneration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2714-2725, 2018.

Electrospun poly(d,l‐lactide)/gelatin/glass‐ceramics tricomponent nanofibrous scaffold for bone tissue engineering

“…This finding confirmed that RKKP glass‐ceramics is suitable for cell culture. Many other studies have evidenced that bioactive glasses with proper ion composition are able to favor cell proliferation, adhesion, and survival (Kong et al, ). However, some cautions have to be taken in the composition and concentration of ions in the bioactive glasses inserted inside the scaffolds as also cytotoxic effects can be encountered.…”

3D bioactive cell-free-scaffolds for in-vitro/in-vivo capture and directed osteoinduction of stem cells for bone tissue regeneration

“…Due to their excellent spatial plasticity, polyesters were used to produce various scaffolds for bone tissue engineering via foaming [ [10] , [11] , [12] ], 3D-printing [ [13] , [14] , [15] ] and spinning [ [16] , [17] , [18] ]. The related polyesters mainly include polylactide (PLA) [ 10 , [19] , [20] , [21] ], poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) [ 14 , [22] , [23] , [24] ], poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) [ [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ], polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) [ 10 , 11 ], and their mixtures [ 16 , 17 ]. Scaffolds composed of single polyesters can provide a reasonable three-dimensional (3D) space for cell adhesion, proliferation and migration, but they do not offer a desirable environment for osteogenic induction due to a lack of biologically functional substances [ 14 ].…”

Engineering of Extracellular Matrix‐Like Biomaterials at Nano‐ and Macroscale toward Fabrication of Hierarchical Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…However, despite its degradation rate being easily tuned, a desirable property for scaffolds' design, its weak mechanical properties, and poor osteoconductivity limit cellular adhesion to the scaffolds. [26] For so, Kong et al [27] used oxidized chondroitin sulfate (oCS) and collagen type I (oCS-Col I) coating to overcome the PLGA scaffolds' mechanical and osteoinductive shortcomings. The coating was performed by layer-by-layer deposition and further mineralized by nanohydroxyapatite (nHA).…”

“…Furthermore, the biomimetic scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as shown by the upregulated expression levels of osteogenic markers (Figure 3). [27] Figure 3. PLGA scaffolds coated with oCS-Col I. a) Pure PLGA scaffolds and PLGA coated with oCS-Col I multilayers after biomineralization (HAP/ mPLGA).…”