Biomodification of a Class-V Restorative Material by Incorporation of Bioactive Agents

Abstract

Restoring subgingival class-V cavities successfully, demand special biological properties from a restorative material. This study aimed to assess the effects of incorporating bioactive materials to glass ionomer cement (GIC) on its mechanical and biological properties. Hydroxyapatite, chitosan, chondroitin sulphate, bioglass, gelatine and processed bovine dentin were incorporated into a GIC restorative material. Compressive strength, biaxial flexural strength (BFS), hardness, setting and working time measurements were investigated. Biocompatibility of the new materials was assessed using both monolayer cell cultures of normal oral fibroblasts (NOF) and TR146 keratinocytes, and a 3D-tissue engineered human oral mucosa model (3D-OMM) using presto-blue tissue viability assay and histological examination. Significant reduction in the compressive strength and BFS of gelatine-modified discs was observed, while chondroitin sulphate-modified discs had reduced BFS only (p value > 0.05). For hardness, working and setting times, only bioglass caused significant increase in the working time. NOF viability was significantly increased when exposed to GIC-modified with bovine dentine, bioglass and chitosan. Histological examination showed curling and growth of the epithelial layer toward the disc space, except for the GIC modified with gelatine. This study has highlighted the potential for clinical application of the modified GICs with hydroxyapatite, chitosan, bioglass and bovine dentine in subgingival class-V restorations.

Natural Polymers for the Maintenance of Oral Health: Review of Recent Advances and Perspectives

“…Chitosan could also be added to glass ionomer cements, which are another type of restorative material. Binaljadem et al revealed that the addition of bioglass, processed bovine dentine and chitosan may increase cell viability [ 66 ].…”

Application of Texture and Fractal Dimension Analysis to Evaluate Subgingival Cement Surfaces in Terms of Biocompatibility

“…It is especially relevant when they occur in the subgingival area because of their potentially negative impact on biofilm accumulation, direct irritation of the gingiva, and damage to the biological width [ 5 ]. Consequently, it is a significant challenge for the restorative material to incorporate the hard tissue of the tooth and the soft tissue of the gingiva [ 6 ].…”

Effect of Dietary Challenges on the Flexural Properties of Resin-based Composites

“…In view of this, it is important for dental clinicians and material researchers to identify the flexural properties (flexural strength and flexural modulus) of RBC materials [5]. Flexural strength, which measures the ability of a material to bend before breaking, is one of the key values that represents the longevity and durability of dental materials [6]. Thus, dental restorative materials are formulated to meet the criteria of high flexural strength because they are subjected to adverse oral environment and considerable masticatory force, which cause permanent deformation [6].…”

“…Flexural strength, which measures the ability of a material to bend before breaking, is one of the key values that represents the longevity and durability of dental materials [6]. Thus, dental restorative materials are formulated to meet the criteria of high flexural strength because they are subjected to adverse oral environment and considerable masticatory force, which cause permanent deformation [6]. On the other hand, flexural modulus indicates the stiffness of dental materials.…”