Biomolecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases and Their Relationship with the Resident Microbiota: Friend or Foe?

Topi, Skender; Bottalico, Lucrezia; Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros; Colella, Marica; Domenico, Marina Di; Palmirotta, Raffaele; Santacroce, Luigì

doi:10.3390/pathophysiology29030041

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…This condition could add value in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of UUI. Indeed, therapy for UUI which consists of behavioral therapy (special diet avoiding irritants and other), perineal physio-kinesitherapy and pharmacological therapy (using antimuscarinics that act by blocking the involuntary contractility of the detrusor), and the adjuvant role of probiotics/prebiotics would be important [48][49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Urgency Urinary Incontinence (Uui)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Colella

Topi

Palmirotta

et al. 2023

Life

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This article is intended to deepen our knowledge to date regarding the functions of the resident microbiota/microbiome in the urinary system for human health and disease. First, we sought to report the general characteristics (composition and stability) of the normal urinary system microbiota in the different anatomical sites in relation to some factors such as the effect of age, gender and diet, analyzing in detail the functions and the composition of the microbiota in the light of current knowledge. Several pieces of evidence suggest the importance of preserving the micro-ecosystem of the urinary system, and in some cases their relationship with diseases is important for maintaining human health is well understood. The female and male reproductive microbiota have mainly been studied over the past decade. In the past, the arrest was thought to have taken place in a sterile environment. Microorganisms of the microbiota form biofilms, three-dimensional structures, that differ in the reproductive organs and interact with both gametes and the embryo as well as with maternal tissues. These biofilms from the reproductive system also interact with others, such as that of the gastrointestinal tract. Reduction in its diversity intestinal microbiota can disrupt estrogen metabolism and affect the reproductive microbiota. It is therefore understood that its quantitative and qualitative identification is important for microbiota, but also the study of the structures formed by the microorganisms. A dysbiosis with local or systemic causes can lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining microbial population harmony (eubiosis) and preventing certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system was also investigated. A negative variation in the qualitative and quantitative composition of certain strains of microorganisms (dysbiosis) due to local or systemic causes can even lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining the healthy balance of microorganism populations (eubiosis), and thus in the prevention of certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system, has also been studied.

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Section: Urgency Urinary Incontinence (Uui)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Colella

Topi

Palmirotta

et al. 2023

Life

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“…Treatment of superantigen-induced toxic shock is still limited. Experimental attempts have been undertaken with immunosuppressants, such as dexamethasone, cyclosporine A and rapamycin with the aim of interrupting T cell proliferation [ 53 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. Furthermore, intravenous immunoglobulin and, recently, humanized monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to neutralize SEs and TSST-1 have been used [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ].…”

Section: Natural and Biological Products As An Alternative Treatment ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Views about the Inflammatory Damage Triggered by Bacterial Superantigens and Experimental Attempts to Neutralize Superantigen-Mediated Toxic Effects with Natural and Biological Products

Santacroce,

Topi,

Charitos

et al. 2024

Pathophysiology

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Superantigens, i.e., staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, interact with T cells in a different manner in comparison to conventional antigens. In fact, they activate a larger contingent of T lymphocytes, binding outside the peptide-binding groove of the major histocompatibility complex class II. Involvement of many T cells by superantigens leads to a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. Such a storm of mediators has been shown to account for tissue damage, multiorgan failure and shock. Besides conventional drugs and biotherapeutics, experiments with natural and biological products have been undertaken to attenuate the toxic effects exerted by superantigens. In this review, emphasis will be placed on polyphenols, probiotics, beta-glucans and antimicrobial peptides. In fact, these substances share a common functional denominator, since they skew the immune response toward an anti-inflammatory profile, thus mitigating the cytokine wave evoked by superantigens. However, clinical applications of these products are still scarce, and more trials are needed to validate their usefulness in humans.

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“…can lead to oral microbiota and/or gut dysbiosis, which can play an important role in the development of some diseases, such as autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Prevotella copri contributes to the development of rheumatoid arthritis, while P. histicola [ 104 , 105 ] suppresses it. Studies have shown that when Bifidobacterium longum and L. helveticus are taken in combination they cause a reduction in cortisol, which affects the gut/brain microbiota axis.…”

Section: Effect Of Probiotics and Prebiotics On The Intestinal Microb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

About Functional Foods: The Probiotics and Prebiotics State of Art

Ballini

Charitos

Cantore³

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Poor diet, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle have a significant impact on natural microbiota disorders; specifically, the intestinal one. This in turn can lead to a multitude of organ dysfunctions. The gut microbiota contains more than 500 species of bacteria and constitutes 95% of the total number of cells in the human body, thus contributing significantly to the host’s resistance to infectious diseases. Nowadays, consumers have turned to purchased foods, especially those containing probiotic bacteria or prebiotics, that constitute some of the functional food market, which is constantly expanding. Indeed, there are many products available that incorporate probiotics, such as yogurt, cheese, juices, jams, cookies, salami sausages, mayonnaise, nutritional supplements, etc. The probiotics are microorganisms that, when taken in sufficient amounts, contribute positively to the health of the host and are the focus of interest for both scientific studies and commercial companies. Thus, in the last decade, the introduction of DNA sequencing technologies with subsequent bioinformatics processing contributes to the in-depth characterization of the vast biodiversity of the gut microbiota, their composition, their connection with the physiological function—known as homeostasis—of the human organism, and their involvement in several diseases. Therefore, in this study, we highlighted the extensive investigation of current scientific research for the association of those types of functional foods containing probiotics and prebiotics in the diet and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. As a result, this study can form the foundation for a new research path based on reliable data from the literature, acting a guide in the continuous effort to monitor the rapid developments in this field.

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Biomolecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases and Their Relationship with the Resident Microbiota: Friend or Foe?

Cited by 15 publications

References 195 publications

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Current Views about the Inflammatory Damage Triggered by Bacterial Superantigens and Experimental Attempts to Neutralize Superantigen-Mediated Toxic Effects with Natural and Biological Products

About Functional Foods: The Probiotics and Prebiotics State of Art

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