Biomolecules as green flame retardants: Recent progress, challenges, and opportunities

Jeong, Sun Hwan; Park, Cheol Hyun; Song, Hyewon; Heo, Jun Hyuk; Lee, Jung Heon

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133241

Cited by 67 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…They are essential because they are crucial in maintaining important physical and biological functions in living organisms. 28–30 For example, tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenolic compound containing multiple hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxyl (–COOH) groups that confer polyacid properties. 31 It is found in various plant sources, including tea, wine, and oak wood, and is commonly used as a food additive in various industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional small biomolecules as key building blocks in the development of hydrogel-based strain sensors

Zaidi¹,

Saeed²,

Heo³

et al. 2023

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional small biomolecules as key building blocks in the development of hydrogel-based strain sensors

Zaidi¹,

Saeed²,

Heo³

et al. 2023

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…Several biomolecules, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), proteins, and lignin, are of great interest as green FRs. − This is because most naturally derived biomolecules exhibit excellent biodegradability and recyclability . Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a well-known abundant biomolecule involved in energy transport and has appeared as a target molecule in many papers on sensor systems. − Our group recently reported that ATP can behave as an “all-in-one” green FR because it contains three major components that can lead to intumescent char formation: three PO 4 3– groups that serve as an acid source, a five-carbon monosaccharide ribose sugar that promotes char formation, and a nucleobase with amine groups that act as a blowing agent .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Adenosine Triphosphate/Chitosan Bio-coatings on Polyurethane Foam for Simultaneously Improved Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression

Song

Park

Jeong

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Considering that fire safety is a persistent problem for most polymeric materials, including polyurethane (PU) foam, the demand for flame retardants (FRs) is growing. However, the use of conventional FRs containing halogenated and brominated chemicals has been continuously regulated owing to their toxicity. Here, we demonstrate the layer-by-layer (LbL) coating of negatively charged adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and positively charged chitosan (CS) as the synergistic FR on PU foam, a model flammable polymer material. The FR performance of the PU coated with LbL-assembled ATP and CS (ATP/CS-PU) was tested, and the results suggested that the ATP/CS layers were finely deposited on the surface of the PU without damaging the structure. Only five bilayers (5BL) were sufficient to impart excellent fire retardancy, which exhibited a limiting oxygen index value of 35% and the HF-1 rating in the UL94 foamed material horizontal burning test. In addition, ATP/CS(5BL)-PU showed a significant reduction in the peak heat release rate of 42.0% and in the total smoke release of 30.6% compared to that of bare PU (b-PU). Furthermore, the ATP/CS coatings did not deteriorate the mechanical properties of b-PU. Finally, combined thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) showed that ATP/CS(5BL)-PU was safe because it suppresses hazardous gases, which is the main problem with conventional FRs.

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“…Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. 35 The components make DNA highly promising as an all-in-one bio-based intumescent flame retardant. 36−38 The phosphate group produces phosphoric acid that acts as an acid source; the deoxyribose unit serves as a carbon source and undergoes carbonization; and the nitrogenous base is used as a foaming agent by releasing ammonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspired by these innovative studies, this work proposes that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is an ideal organic molecule to simultaneously increase the period of fire warning and decrease the response temperature of the GO sensor, based on the following considerations: (i) first of all, DNA is a biocompatible and eco-friendly organic molecule, ensuring no potential toxicity in the synthesis of GO sensors; (ii) DNA consists of repeating nucleotide units. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group . The components make DNA highly promising as an all-in-one bio-based intumescent flame retardant. − The phosphate group produces phosphoric acid that acts as an acid source; the deoxyribose unit serves as a carbon source and undergoes carbonization; and the nitrogenous base is used as a foaming agent by releasing ammonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA-Modified Graphene Oxide Supported on a Fire-Resistant Hydroxyapatite Paper for Timely and Reliable Fire Warning

Chen

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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The traditional fire alarm sensors suffer from sluggish fire warnings. Recently, graphene oxide (GO)-based sensors have attracted much attention due to their ultrafast fire warning. There are two major challenges: (i) the duration time of fire warning is short due to poor flame retardancy of GO and (ii) the response temperature of the GO sensor is high due to the abundant oxygen-containing groups. This work reports the single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA)-modified GO supported on the hydroxyapatite (HA) nanowire paper. The ssDNA molecules have an action of intumescent flame retardancy, which effectively improves the flame retardancy of GO. Moreover, the thermal degradation of nitrogenous base of ssDNA causes nitrogen doping in GO. Concomitantly, the thermal reduction of GO is promoted, and some oxidative groups are removed. As a result, the period of fire warning of GO increases up to 180 s, and the response temperature decreases to as low as 159 °C. Besides, the HA paper with intrinsic fire resistance ensures the structural integrity of ssDNA–DNA in the flame, contributing to the steady working of the composite paper. This work highlights the critical roles of biomolecules and inorganic materials in synergistically regulating fire warning performance of GO.

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Biomolecules as green flame retardants: Recent progress, challenges, and opportunities

Cited by 67 publications

References 131 publications

Multifunctional small biomolecules as key building blocks in the development of hydrogel-based strain sensors

Multifunctional small biomolecules as key building blocks in the development of hydrogel-based strain sensors

Synergistic Adenosine Triphosphate/Chitosan Bio-coatings on Polyurethane Foam for Simultaneously Improved Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression

DNA-Modified Graphene Oxide Supported on a Fire-Resistant Hydroxyapatite Paper for Timely and Reliable Fire Warning

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