“…Silica produced from RH at a temperature of 500 to 650°C with a combustion time of 2.5 to 6 h is predominantly amorphous, while crystallinity is achieved when the annealing temperature rises above 700°C. While crystalline silica is used in ceramics, steel, thermal insulator and refractory bricks (Prasad et al, 2001) and in the concrete industry (Kumar et al, 2013), amorphous silica finds a much wider range of applications in concrete production (Kannan, 2018), pulp industry (Chen et al, 2017), laboratory glassware (Shi et al, 2017), adsorbents (Pivovarov, 2008) and drag delivery carriers (Mitran et al, 2018). Various value-added products, such as aerogel (Tang and Wang, 2005), silica carbide (Niyomwas, 2009), porous carbon (Satayeva et al, 2018), zeolites (Ng et al, 2015) and other products can be obtained by using the silica produced from RH (Shen et al, 2014).…”