The present study primarily is an attempt to establish a technique on the disposal scheme for the wastewater coming out as an effluent from milk industries with proper environmental guides and regulations. Apart from the wastewater treatment methodology development, the present work mainly focuses on the attainment of high value product, such as the production of galactosyl-oligosaccharide (GOS) in batch reactor and as well as in recycle membrane reactor after hydrolyzing recovered lactose from the whey stream with -galactosidase enzyme originated, from Bacillus circulans. Around 77-78% purity of this GOS was achieved with threestep membrane separation techniques: the first one was the ultrafiltration followed by diafiltration equipped nanofiltration. In recycle membrane reactor, GOS production was found to be 33% higher than that in the batch reactor, and monosaccharide concentration was 78% lower with 23% remaining enzyme activity after 18,000 s of reaction time.

Environmental awareness in both the public and regulatory sectors has necessitated proper treatment of medicinal components-rich pharmaceutical effluents. Even the presence of trace antiseptic may cause adverse health effects including development of "product resistant microbes" in the aquatic environment. The present study involves photomineralization of chlorhexidine, which belongs to the class of antiseptic drug components. This study details investigations on photocatalytic degradation of chlorhexidine in a slurry batch reactor using titanium dioxide photocatalyst. Emphases were given to study the effects of operating parameters on the degradation behavior of the targeted compound and characterization of degraded products. About 68.14% removal of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD) was found after 1 h at 25 °C with a substrate-to-catalyst ratio of 2.5:1 under UV intensity of 50 μW•cm −2 at pH 10.5. Though the product profile illustrates several degraded products, toxicological analysis on Bacillus subtilis exhibited no inhibition zone, suggesting the eco-friendly nature of the degraded products.

In recent years, the occurrence of persistent organic compounds in industrial as well as municipal effluents is becoming a serious threat to the environment. The detrimental effects can be minimized with the help of photocatalysis.

Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seed meal is good source of protein (28-36%) and phenolic antioxidants like sinapic acid and sinapine. In this work an ultrafiltration-diafiltration-based technique is developed for simultaneous preparation of protein isolate and recovery of phenolic rich fraction from seed meal using a high shear rotating disk membrane module with emphasis on reduced membrane fouling effect. The yield of membrane process found less (31.4% on dry basis) compared to precipitation process (42% on dry basis), but a high purity of protein isolate (96%) with improved functional properties was obtained. The phenolic content in the protein was found to be reduced from 7.23 mg/g of protein to as low as 0.6 mg/g of protein in this process. The phenolic-acid-rich fraction recovered shows about 87.24% radical scavenging and 34.3% chelation capacity per 100 ppm concentration. So, this process can be commercially exploited for protein isolate and phenolic antioxidant-rich product preparation after proper scale up.