Biomonitoring of common organophosphate metabolites in hair and urine of children from an agricultural community

Hernández, Antonio F.; Lozano-Paniagua, David; Gónzalez-Alzaga, Beatriz; Kavvalakis, Matthaios; Tzatzarakis, Manolis; López-Flores, Inmaculada; Aguilar-Garduño, Clemente; Caparrós-González, Rafael A.; Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Lacasaña, Marina

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.104997

Cited by 61 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For this purpose, breast milk, cord blood, and placenta samples were analyzed. Only one study measured contaminant levels in hair in addition to urine samples [ 87 ]. Hair showed advantages over urine as it was easier to collect, handle, and store, and it allowed the assessment of the cumulative exposure to pesticides.…”

Section: Direct Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The QuEChERS extraction followed the characteristic scheme including a clean-up process through d-SPE. For hair analysis, Hernández et al [ 87 ] extracted dialkyl phosphate (DAPs) metabolites by SLE, using methanol and purifying the extract in a test tube containing potassium carbonate and sodium disulfate. Prior to the last evaporation, in which the residue was reconstituted in toluene, the extract was incubated at 80 °C with potassium carbonate, acetonitrile, and pentafluorobenzylbromide (PFBBr) as a derivatization agent.…”

Section: Direct Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Experimental Approaches and Analytical Techniques (from 2019)

2021

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Background: Pesticide residues are a threat to the health of the global population, not only to farmers, applicators, and other pesticide professionals. Humans are exposed through various routes such as food, skin, and inhalation. This study summarizes the different methods to assess and/or estimate human exposure to pesticide residues of the global population. Methods: A systematic search was carried out on Scopus and web of science databases of studies on human exposure to pesticide residues since 2019. Results: The methods to estimate human health risk can be categorized as direct (determining the exposure through specific biomarkers in human matrices) or indirect (determining the levels in the environment and food and estimating the occurrence). The role that analytical techniques play was analyzed. In both cases, the application of generic solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up, followed by liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, is decisive. Advances within the analytical techniques have played an unquestionable role. Conclusions: All these studies have contributed to an important advance in the knowledge of analytical techniques for the detection of pesticide levels and the subsequent assessment of nonoccupational human exposure.

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Section: Direct Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Experimental Approaches and Analytical Techniques (from 2019)

2021

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“…Environmental and Occupational Health Practice attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 8) , autism spectrum disorder 9) , reproductive impairments 10) , endocrine disorders 11) , cardiovascular diseases 12) , and cancers 13) . To investigate these adverse endpoints in human populations with low-level OP exposure, the currently available biological monitoring (biomonitoring) method is a measurement of six urinary non-specific OP metabolites (collectively called dialkyl phosphates [DAPs]): dimethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphate, dimethyldithiophosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate [14][15][16][17][18][19] . Although DAPs are common metabolites of OPs in general, there are some OPs, including propetamphos (PPT), that are not metabolized to DAPs.…”

Section: Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human biomonitoring of a urinary propetamphos metabolite using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Mohanto

Sato

Ito

et al. 2021

EOH-P

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Objectives: Propetamphos (PPT) is an organophosphate pesticide (OP) widely used to control insects in public health settings and methylethylphosphoramidothioate (MEPT) is a urinary exposure marker of PPT. The objectives of this study were to develop a biomonitoring method for urinary MEPT using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to measure urinary MEPT concentrations in occupational and non-occupational human populations. Methods: Analytes derivatized with pentafluorobenzyl bromide were analyzed by GC-MS and dibutyl phosphate was used as an internal standard. The validated method was applied to urine samples collected from occupational PPT sprayers (n = 15), non-PPT sprayers (n = 15) who did not spray PPT but sprayed other OPs, and control subjects (n = 80) living in Aichi, Japan. Results: Calibration curves were obtained using standard-spiked pooled urine samples, and the coefficients of determination were ≥ 0.98. The limit of detection (LOD) was 10 μg/L. The within-run precision and between-run precision ranged from 17.5% to 19.4% and 10.4% to 18.1%, respectively. The detection rates of urinary MEPT in the PPT sprayers, non-PPT sprayers, and control subjects were 26.7%, 6.7%, and 2.5%, respectively. The concentration ranges for creatinine-unadjusted MEPT were < LOD-22.3, < LOD-21.9 and < LOD-13.8 μg/L, and creatinine-adjusted MEPT were < LOD-12.1, < LOD-12.7 and < LOD-7.9 μg/g creatinine, for the respective groups (PPT sprayers, non-PPT sprayers and controls). Conclusions: This study established a biomonitoring method that can measure urinary MEPT in spraying and non-spraying workers with exposure levels ≥ 10 μg/L.

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“…21,22 Dari 3 enzim paraoksonase, hanya PON1 yang memiliki aktifitas esterase dan berperan dalam reaksi hidrolisis beberapa jenis pestisida organofosfat diantaranya diazoxon, klorpirifos-oxon dan paraoxon yang berturut-turut merupakan metabolit aktif diazinon, klorpirifos dan paration. 20,23 Hasil dari detoksifikasi OP-oxon oleh PON-1 dapat berupa metabolit spesifik yang siap untuk dieksresikan melalui urin seperti seperti 2-isopropil-4-metil-6-hidroksipirimidin (IMHP); 3,5,6-trikloro-2-piridinol (TCPy); dan p-nitrofenol (PNP) dalam urin yang berturut-turut merupakan metabolit dari diazinon, CPF, dan parathion 15,[24][25][26] [27][28][29] Dalam konteks biomonitoring pajanan, OP sebagai salah satu substansi kimia yang dengan cepat mengalami metabolisme dalam tubuh akan sulit sekali untuk dideteksi baik kadar bahan induknya maupun kadar dalam bentuk oxon. Oleh karenanya biomonitoring pajanan terhadap OP dapat dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi sejumlah metabolit yang umumnya ditemukan dalam urin.…”

Section: Biometabolisme Organofosfatunclassified

Biomonitoring Pajanan Pestisida Organofosfat pada Pekerja Pertanian

Liem

2021

J. Kdokt Meditek

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Untuk mengendalikan organisme pengganggu, kegiatan pertanian pada umumnya menggunakan pestisida secara rutin diantaranya insektisida organofosfat (OP). Oleh karenanya, para pekerja di sektor pertanian terutama mereka yang bertugas mengaplikasikan pestisida akan terpajan dengan OP dalam jumlah tertentu dan berisiko mengalami dampak kesehatan. Penilaian pajanan bahan kimia atau efeknya dengan mengukur kandungan bahan kimia tersebut, dalam hal ini pajanan OP, dapat dilakukan melalui biomonitoring. Pemilihan biomarker, matrik biologis, dan waktu pengambilan spesimen merupakan faktor penting yang harus direncanakan dengan cermat mengingat bahwa keberadaan biomarker pajanan OP sangat dipengaruhi oleh proses metabolisme toksikan. Mekanisme toksisitas organofosfat (OP) telah diketahui secara luas yaitu berlangsung melalui penghambatan enzim asetilkolinesterase (AChE). Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, pemeriksaan pajanan pestisida OP umumnya terbatas pada pemeriksaan asetilkolinesterase (AChE) maupun butirilkolinesterase (BChE) yang memberikan informasi mengenai keberadaan pajanan OP namun tidak secara spesifik menunjukkan agen penyebabnya. Artikel ini membahas informasi mengenai parameter monitoring biologis yang dapat dilakukan untuk menilai pajanan pestisida OP pada pekerja di sektor pertanian.

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Biomonitoring of common organophosphate metabolites in hair and urine of children from an agricultural community

Cited by 61 publications

References 37 publications

Non-Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Experimental Approaches and Analytical Techniques (from 2019)

Non-Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Experimental Approaches and Analytical Techniques (from 2019)

Human biomonitoring of a urinary propetamphos metabolite using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Biomonitoring Pajanan Pestisida Organofosfat pada Pekerja Pertanian

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