Bionomics and Management of Anastrepha

Abstract

PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEWFlies of the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) are among the world's most devastating agricultural pests. At the same time, they display remark able ecological and behavioral characteristics, which have served as models in the development of general theories on insect mating systems and the physiology of host marking. Anastrepha species are endemic to the New World and restricted to tropical and sUbtropical environments. The genus's range extends from the southern US to northern Argentina and includes most of the Caribbean Islands. There are 184 described Anastrepha species.The great majority of these are poorly known biologically, and knowledge is basically restricted to seven economically important species: Jraterculus, grandis, ludens, obliqua, serpentina, striata, and suspensa. Much of what we know today about Anastrepha is based on very thorough studies of its basic biology carried out between 1900 and 1944 (13, 53, 85, 115, 188; see also 21, 45, 167). More recently, work has concentrated on phylogeny and taxonomy, behavioral ecology, chemical ecology, demography, and species surveys. Anastrepha control has in many ways been conceptually and technically stagnant for the past 35 years: poisoned bait sprays andMcPhail traps are still standard procedure even though such methods have been proven ineffective and environmentally questionable.Here, rather than providing an all-encompassing review of the voluminous literature on Anastrepha, I attempt to expose the reader to a balanced 155

Toxic effects of neem seed cake on the larval-pupal (prepupal) stage of Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

“…The females of this species lay their eggs in fruits, and larvae develop eating their pulps. The larvae, when fully developed, leave the fruit and enter the soil to become pupae, from which the adults later emerge, starting a new cycle again [2].…”

Diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species in French Guiana: their main host plants and associated parasitoids during the period 1994–2003 and prospects for management

“…Accurate studies in French Guiana could provide many other hosts for A. fraterculus. In Brazil, Anastrepha fraterculus attacks different families of fruit species with more than 80 host species 1 . These differences in host range between several geographical (Central vs. South) populations of A. fraterculus could be explained by taxonomic differences.…”

“…In South America, flies within the Anastrepha, Ceratitis [1][2][3][4][5][6] and, more recently, Bactrocera [7][8][9][10][11][12] genera cause substantial damages to commercial (and non-commercial) fruits. Anastrepha is the only genus native to the New World and is the most diverse and economically damaging genus of Tephritidae in the Neotropical region; it is commonly limited to tropical and subtropical areas [1,13,14], although there are some species that inhabit temperate areas as well [5].…”

“…Anastrepha is the only genus native to the New World and is the most diverse and economically damaging genus of Tephritidae in the Neotropical region; it is commonly limited to tropical and subtropical areas [1,13,14], although there are some species that inhabit temperate areas as well [5]. The taxonomy and the zoogeography of the genus Anastrepha have been studied by many authors [2,3,13,15] and new species are regularly described [16][17][18][19].…”

“…The taxonomy and the zoogeography of the genus Anastrepha have been studied by many authors [2,3,13,15] and new species are regularly described [16][17][18][19]. At the same time, Anastrepha species have revealed remarkable biological, ecological and behavioral traits [1,20,21].…”