Bionomics and Sociology of Tancho, Grus japonensis

Kitagawa, Tamaki

doi:10.3312/jyio1952.14.344

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The guiding ideal for the size of behavioral units was LORENZ'S motor display pattern, described in ducks (1941,1971). The overall format was based on the ethogram of the Japanese crane (Grus japonensis) by MASATOMI and KITAGAWA (1975). We started with a simple-minded exercise which proved to be a very sensitive test for the utility of the system, namely applying the crane format to the quail, and correcting only when statements became meaningless or erroneous.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Proposal for a Standard Ethogram, Exemplified by an Ethogram of the Bluebreasted Quail (Coturnix chinensis)¹

Schleidt

Yakalis

Donnelly

et al. 1984

Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie

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and Summary Partial ethograms have been compiled for specific studies in numerous species, but so far no generally accepted format has emerged which allows for standardized coding and for quantitative taxonomic comparisons. After a review of the literature (which is not included in this paper) we have designed a format for the coding and presentation of visual behavior patterns, and tested and refined it in a study of the bluebreasted quail's ethogram. We present here the description of the 60 most commonly observed visually discernible behavior patterns, coded by the state of 17 different feature variables, where each state variable can assume one of only two or three different states, and orientation variables are set in reference to a 26‐sided solid. In addition, each behavior pattern is illustrated by a schematic sketch of the bird in a characteristic climax pose. The goal of this paper is to draw attention to the urgent need for some standardization of the reporting of behavioral observation if we take the “comparative approach to the study of behavior” seriously. This ethogram may serve as a focal point in the future discussion, and potentially as a prototype for a generally usable standard for behavioral coding systems in birds, or for the members of other taxa. “Every organism has certain characteristic ways of acting, which are conditioned largely by its bodily structure, and which limit its action under all sorts of conditions … It is usually possible to determine with some approach to completeness the various movements which a given organism has at command. These form as a rule a coordinated system, which we have called … the action system.” H. S. Jennings, 1906, p. 300. Zusammenfassung Für viele Tierarten gibt es Teil‐Ethogramme, meist mit einem bestimmten Ziel zusammengestellt. Bis jetzt fehlt ein allgemein annehmbares Format, das eine standardisierte Kodierung und spätere quantitative taxonomische Vergleiche erlaubt. Nachdem wir die einschlägigen Veröffentlichungen kritisch untersucht hatten (das Referat ist nicht in dieser Arbeit enthalten), haben wir ein Format für die Kodierung und Beschreibung visueller Verhaltensmuster entworfen und es am Ethogramm der Zwergwachtel erprobt und verfeinert. Wir legen hier eine Beschreibung der 60 häufigsten visuellen Verhaltensmuster vor, kodiert durch den Zustand von 17 verschiedenen Merkmalsvariablen, wobei jede Variable jeweils einen von nur zwei oder drei verschiedenen Zuständen annehmen kann und Orientierungs‐Zustands‐Variable in bezug auf die Achsen eines 26seitigen Körpers kodiert sind. Zusätzlich wurde jedes Verhaltensmuster in einer Zeichnung des Vogels in der charakteristischen Körperstellung dargestellt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, auf die dringliche Notwendigkeit hinzuweisen, eine allgemeine Standardisierung für die Beschreibung von Verhalten einzuführen, wenn die Idee einer “Vergleichenden Verhaltensforschung” nicht zur leeren Phrase werden soll. Das hier vorgelegte Ethogramm möge als Kristallisationskern für zukünftige Diskussionen dienen, viel...

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A Proposal for a Standard Ethogram, Exemplified by an Ethogram of the Bluebreasted Quail (Coturnix chinensis)¹

Schleidt

Yakalis

Donnelly

et al. 1984

Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie

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“…By the maintenance by the family composed of parent(s) and yearling(s), not by individuals or pairs, the winter territory of the Black-winged Stilt differs from those of the White Wagtail Motacilla alba alba (ZAHAVI 1970) and the Pied Wagtail M. a. yarrellii (DAVIES 1976), which hold territories solitarily or as pans, or those of the Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola (KUWAHARA 1985) and the Brown Dipper Cinclus pallasii (HASHIGUCHI *** YAMAGISHI 1981), which hold territories solitarily. Instead stilt winter territories rather resemble those of the Mute Swan Cygnus olor (SCOTT 1984), the Eastern Carrion Crow Corvus corone orientalis (HANEDA *** IIDA 1966), the Hooded Crane Grus monacha (NISHIDA 1969), and the Japanese Crane G. japonensis (MASATOMI *** KITAGAWA 1974, KITAGAWA 1982. In the last species, before freezing of the ground, families arrive at wintering sites from breeding territories.…”

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Ethosociological Studies of the Black-winged StiltHimantopus himantopus himantopus

Kitagawa

1988

Japanese Journal of Ornithology

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“…Differences in foraging behavior have not been recognized in red-crowned cranes [25]. Usually, however, male parents mainly fight for predators and other crane pairs to keep their eggs and chicks in red-crowned cranes, while both parent birds alternately brood their eggs in their nest [7,12]. Thus, male dominance in size could be adaptive for this behavior.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical Body Parameters of Red-Crowned Cranes <i>Grus japonensis</i> by Sex and Life Stage in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Inoue

Shimura

Uebayashi

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Red-crowned (or Japanese) cranes Grus japonensis are native to eastern Hokkaido, Japan-the island population, and mainland Asia-the continental population that migrates from breeding grounds along the Amur River Basin to winter in east China and the Korean Peninsula. The island population was reduced to about 50-60 birds in early part of the 20th century. Since 1950s, the population has increased to more than 1,300 as a consequence of human-provided food in winter, resulted in change of their habitats and food resource. From the carcasses of 284 wild cranes from the island population, collected in Hokkaido since 1976 until 2010, we measured six physical parameters (body weight and lengths of body, wing, tarsus, tail and exposed culmen) and divided into groups by sex and three developmental stages (juvenile, yearling and adult). All parameters of males were larger than those of females at the same stage. Total body length of females tends to grow up earlier than males, in contrast to body weight. Obvious time trends were not observed in these all parameters during 34 years for these six categories measured, except total length of male juveniles, which showed a significant increasing trend. These results provide the first extensive data on body size and mass in the wild red-crowned cranes.

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Bionomics and Sociology of Tancho, Grus japonensis

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

A Proposal for a Standard Ethogram, Exemplified by an Ethogram of the Bluebreasted Quail (Coturnix chinensis)¹

A Proposal for a Standard Ethogram, Exemplified by an Ethogram of the Bluebreasted Quail (Coturnix chinensis)¹

Ethosociological Studies of the Black-winged StiltHimantopus himantopus himantopus

Physical Body Parameters of Red-Crowned Cranes <i>Grus japonensis</i> by Sex and Life Stage in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan

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Bionomics and Sociology of Tancho, Grus japonensis

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

A Proposal for a Standard Ethogram, Exemplified by an Ethogram of the Bluebreasted Quail (Coturnix chinensis)1

A Proposal for a Standard Ethogram, Exemplified by an Ethogram of the Bluebreasted Quail (Coturnix chinensis)1

Ethosociological Studies of the Black-winged StiltHimantopus himantopus himantopus

Physical Body Parameters of Red-Crowned Cranes <i>Grus japonensis</i> by Sex and Life Stage in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan

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A Proposal for a Standard Ethogram, Exemplified by an Ethogram of the Bluebreasted Quail (Coturnix chinensis)¹

A Proposal for a Standard Ethogram, Exemplified by an Ethogram of the Bluebreasted Quail (Coturnix chinensis)¹