Biopiracy of natural products and good bioprospecting practice

Efferth, Thomas; Banerjee, Mita; Paul, Norbert W.; Abdelfatah, Sara; Arend, Joachim; Elhassan, Gihan; Hamdoun, Sami; Hamm, Rebecca; Hong, Chunlan; Kadioglu, Onat; Naß, Janine; Ochwang’i, Dominic O.; Ooko, Edna; Özenver, Nadire; Saeed, Mohamed E.M.; Schneider, Mathias; Seo, Ean Jeong; Wu, Ching Fen; Yan, Ge; Zeino, Maen; Zhao, Qiaoli; Abu-Darwish, Mohammad Sanad; Andersch, Kai; Alexie, Gladys; Bessarab, Dawn; Bhakta-Guha, Dipita; Bolzani, Vanderlan S.; Dapat, Else; Доненко, Ф. В.; Efferth, Monika; Greten, Henry Johannes; Gunatilaka, Leslie; Hussein, Ahmed A.; Karadeniz, Asuman; Khalid, Hassan; Kuete, Victor; Lee, Ik Soo; Liu, Liang; Midiwo, Jacob O.; Mora, Rodrígo; Nakagawa, Hiroshi; Ngassapa, Olipa; Noysang, Chanai; Omosa, Leonidah Kerubo; Roland, Fred Hwiemtun; Shahat, Abdelaaty A.; Saab, Antoine M.; Saeed, Elfatih M.; Shan, Letian; Titinchi, Salam J.J.

doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.006

Cited by 51 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Biotechnology is growing at a fast pace in the developing world, hence, it is important to be aware and proficient to assess the impact of biotechnological advance in the light of local values and needs. unfair appropriation of the traditional knowledge or biomaterials of indigenous people without sharing the benefits (Efferth et al 2016). This appropriation extends beyond traditional knowledge or biomaterials to the genetic information of natural resources, the germplasm, through the claiming of intellectual property rights, such as gene patents, by corporations based in developed countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethics for Biotechnologists: From Dolly to CRISPR

2017

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Bioethics, as a discipline, has developed mainly, but not exclusively, around themes of moral importance for the medical practice, such as abortion and euthanasia, a never ending discussion that has been shaped by social mores and influenced by scientific and technological advance. However, in the past 20 years an important shift has been taking place, one where bioethical issues and their discussion are starting to being driven by the so-called emerging biotechnologies, from cloning to genome sequencing and editing. If Bioethics is concerned with human beings, and their interaction with other living beings and the environment, it makes sense for Biotechnology, by definition the use of living systems or organisms to develop products, to become an important, if not the most important, source of bioethical conflicts in modern era and for future society. As Biotechnology keeps expanding and becomes entangled in everyday life, so does the need for ethical competent biotechnologists, with competencies built not only on ethical principles but also on a realistic grasp of the impact these technologies could have on human society and the world we inhabit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethics for Biotechnologists: From Dolly to CRISPR

2017

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“…Since the use of medicinal plants is mainly based on the traditional knowledge of indigenous communities, commercialization of herbal products by pharmaceutical industries should, follow fair rules of benefit-sharing with those, where the knowledge comes from. Biopiracy practices by multinational companies in the past should be banned [ 44 ]. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) draw the international attention on the protection of indigenous knowledge.…”

Section: The Challenge Posed By Phytotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of phytochemicals and phytotherapy into cancer precision medicine

Efferth

Saeed

Mirghani³

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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Concepts of individualized therapy in the 1970s and 1980s attempted to develop predictive in vitro tests for individual drug responsiveness without reaching clinical routine. Precision medicine attempts to device novel individual cancer therapy strategies. Using bioinformatics, relevant knowledge is extracted from huge data amounts. However, tumor heterogeneity challenges chemotherapy due to genetically and phenotypically different cell subpopulations, which may lead to refractory tumors. Natural products always served as vital resources for cancer therapy (e.g., Vinca alkaloids, camptothecin, paclitaxel, etc.) and are also sources for novel drugs. Targeted drugs developed to specifically address tumor-related proteins represent the basis of precision medicine. Natural products from plants represent excellent resource for targeted therapies. Phytochemicals and herbal mixtures act multi-specifically, i.e. they attack multiple targets at the same time. Network pharmacology facilitates the identification of the complexity of pharmacogenomic networks and new signaling networks that are distorted in tumors. In the present review, we give a conceptual overview, how the problem of drug resistance may be approached by integrating phytochemicals and phytotherapy into academic western medicine. Modern technology platforms (e.g. “-omics” technologies, DNA/RNA sequencing, and network pharmacology) can be applied for diverse treatment modalities such as cytotoxic and targeted chemotherapy as well as phytochemicals and phytotherapy. Thereby, these technologies represent an integrative momentum to merge the best of two worlds: clinical oncology and traditional medicine. In conclusion, the integration of phytochemicals and phytotherapy into cancer precision medicine represents a valuable asset to chemically synthesized chemicals and therapeutic antibodies.

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“…Researchers should use established protocols to avoid transmission of pathogens to animals (e.g., Phillott et al 2010, Blehert 2012, Kolby et al 2015. Care should be taken to prevent any biopiracy of indigenous knowledge and biological products that might otherwise occur through removing indigenous rights for maximizing economic profits (e.g., Efferth et al 2016, application of Nagoya Protocol).…”

Section: Recommendations For Ethical Conductmentioning

confidence: 99%