Biopolymer Flocculants and Oat Hull Biomass To Aid the Removal of Orthophosphate in Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

This study reports on the removal of orthophosphate (Pi) by coagulation–flocculation with variable combinations of alum, biopolymers, and biomass. The combinatorial effects of these coagulant aids were evaluated for single, binary, and ternary systems. The role of pH, component dosages, and Pi concentration on the coagulation–flocculation efficacy was evaluated. There was an optimal dosage of alum (30 mg/L) while alginate and chitosan were 15 mg/L. Pi removal was 86% for alum and 98% for ternary systems containing chitosan and alginate where [Pi] = 10–11 mg Pi/L. Pi removal for the alum–alginate–chitosan ternary system was more efficient than that for the binary systems, especially at pH 6–7, where reduced efficiency occurred at pH > 7.5. Pi removal was independent of concentration except at lower levels, [Pi] < 10 mg/L. The alum–refined oat hull binary system was 99% effective for Pi removal, especially when [Pi] = 25 mg/L, with greater removal over the use of oat hulls alone.

Surface-Modified Chitosan: An Adsorption Study of a “Tweezer-Like” Biopolymer with Fluorescein

“…Water pollution by different contaminants from industrial activities remains a topic of major environmental concern [1]. Various techniques for the removal of contaminants include precipitation [2], ion exchange [3], filtration [4], solvent extraction [5], reverse osmosis [6], coagulation-flocculation [7,8], adsorption [9], and others. Among these approaches, adsorption-based techniques have been extensively studied as an efficient mode of contaminant removal from water, due to their low cost, process flexibility, easy handling and limited usage of secondary chemicals [10][11][12].…”

Synthesis and surface gel‐adsorption effect of multidimensional cross‐linking cationic cotton for enhancing purification of dyeing wastewater

“…In fact, water‐soluble dyes with high dispersion and high stability in water are especially difficult to remove . There are many treatment methods for dyeing wastewater, of which adsorption is one of the most commonly used methods with the selection of suitable adsorbents being the key factor . To date, activated carbon is one of the earliest and most effective adsorbents.…”

“…[7][8][9][10] There are many treatment methods for dyeing wastewater, of which adsorption is one of the most commonly used methods with the selection of suitable adsorbents being the key factor. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] To date, activated carbon is one of the earliest and most effective adsorbents. Due to the porosity and network structure of activated carbon, it has a large ratio surface area giving a strong Van Edward force for adsorption of pollutants in water.…”

Switch Effect, Water‐Like State, and New Interaction Mechanism of an H‐Bonded Polycation–Polyacrylamide System to Realize Instant Decolorization of Dyeing Wastewater

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Of these, flocculation is still more advantageous than the other technologies in the engineering applications of large-scale water treatment due to its simplicity, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Of these, flocculation is still more advantageous than the other technologies in the engineering applications of large-scale water treatment due to its simplicity, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.…”

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technologies have been developed in the research literature, such as flocculation, adsorption, and oxidation decomposition. [13,[19][20][21] According to the current understanding, the flocculation decolorization of dyeing wastewater primarily depends on the two basic processes of charge neutralization and bridging. In engineering applications for dealing with dyeing wastewater, polycationic flocculants have been widely used as effective decolorization materials since their cations can produce electrostatic interactions with the watersoluble anionic dyes to form insoluble flocs for removing the colored dyes from water.

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