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Low-carbon technology innovation of power grid is vital for grid enterprises to improve their competitiveness and resource utilization efficiency. In this paper, a novel tripartite evolutionary game theory is proposed to examine the behavioral strategies of government, banks, and the grid enterprises in the low-carbon power grid technology innovation cooperation. The evolutionary replication dynamics equations are presented to study evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) of participants. The meaningful simulation results are as follows: from the subsidy perspective, even if the government subsidies are phasing out, the ESS of the low-carbon grid technology cooperation still converges to the Pareto optimal equilibrium; from the cost perspective, the higher low-carbon technology innovation cost only slows down the evolution rate, while the higher business cost of carbon asset pledge credit and the lower incentive cost not only slow down the evolution rate but also change the evolution results. It shows that the business cost of carbon asset pledge credit has a greater impact on the evolution of the system than the incentive cost; from the benefit perspective, increasing the green revenue and the successful probability of the low-carbon technology innovation can both prompt the ESS to evolve to Pareto optimal state, and the effect of the former is greater than the latter. These results provide a theoretical guidance for government to promote the development of low-carbon technology innovation of power grid. INDEX TERMS Power grid enterprises, low-carbon technology innovation, tripartite evolution game, government intervention.

BACKGROUND: As a complex phenol polymer pollutant, lignin is the most difficult to remove in papermaking wastewater. RESULTS: This work first found a strong adsorbent for highly efficient removal of lignins and realized the direct reuse of its wastes. Through systemically screening the serial molecular structures of polycationic adsorbents previously developed, a highly permeable polycationic gel (PPG) adsorbent was discovered to be the most suitable for lignin removal. The maximum adsorption capacity of PPG for the lignins was 3891.65 mg/g, that is, the masses of adsorbed lignins were 3.89 times higher than that of PPG. Interestingly, after adsorbing the lignins, PPG wastes could be directly reused, without any treatment, for purifying dyeing wastewater. The adsorption capacity of PPG wastes reused for adsorbing the anionic dyes was 245.05 times higher than that of the existing activated carbon, indicating that PPG wastes maintained excellent adsorption ability for purifying the dyeing wastewater. A series of simulation experiments and instrument analyses were carried out to detect the new adsorption effect of PPG. The high water-permeability of PPG allows for complete permeability of the lignins and easy adsorption inside PPG. After adsorption, shrinkage of the internal structure of PPG and aggregation of the adsorbed lignins on the surface of PPG enhanced the adsorption intensity of PPG toward the lignins. CONCLUSION: This indicated that PPG had a super-high adsorption ability for direct removal of lignins from water by adsorption, which marked the first successful report of reused wastes utilized for treating other waste pollutants.

BACKGROUND: Cu(II)-containing wastewater causes serious pollution of the water environment. Adsorption is one of the most commonly used water purification methods, with the selection of suitable adsorbents being the key factor. This motivates the development of new efficient adsorbents to purify Cu(II)-containing wastewater. RESULTS:A highly adaptable polyanionic gel (PAG) was synthesized by the facile crosslinking copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and triallylmethylammonium chloride (TAMAC) at 65 ∘ C for 0.5 h, followed by a simple neutralization treatment, avoiding the inconvenience of the complex and expensive preparation process required to prepare existing adsorbents. When first used as an adsorbent material, PAG achieved highly efficient purification of a wide concentration range of 10-2000 mg L −1 Cu(II)-containing wastewater. The PAG adsorption capacity for Cu(II) was 222.2 mg g −1 , which was higher than the values of selected existing adsorbent materials (9.50-214 mg g −1 ), and PAG had the advantages of being eco-friendly, facilely obtained and regenerable. Also, PAG maintained stable adsorption ability even when the adsorption temperature varied from 30 to 50 ∘ C. Moreover, a series of new adsorption effects were first observed as the key factors for PAG adsorption to achieve high adaptability.CONCLUSION: Generally, considering the comprehensive performances, PAG would have higher adaptability in the efficient purification of different concentrations and different temperatures of Cu(II)-containing wastewater. It would thus have better application in different water environments and be regarded as a better adsorbent alternative.

A highly permeable polycationic gel (PPG) was designed as a new type of absorbent material, which was prepared by a facile cross-linking copolymerization of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylmethyldiallylammonium chloride and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride at 45 °C for 3.0 h. When the PPG absorbent was used for purifying dyeing wastewater, it showed high permeability so that the dyes could fully penetrate into the PPG more easily to be absorbed. Moreover, through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy technologies, the structures of PPG before and after absorption were analyzed, showing that the cohesive states of PPG underwent a great transformation during PPG absorption, and the binding energy of N 1S of PPG increased from 401.66 to 402.15 eV. Because of the new absorption effects of the cohesive state transformations of PPG, the absorption capacity of PPG for absorbing a large-sized dye of Reactive Scarlet 3BS reached 1371.04 mg•g −1 , which was 2.07−56.35 times than those of other structural forms of similar cationic absorbents and was 761.69 times higher than that of the frequently used activated carbon. This was the greatest improvement level on the absorption ability of PPG versus the existing absorbents. In addition, PPG achieved excellent recyclability with a mild room-temperature desorption technology, and the absorption capacity of the recycled PPG was 606.76 times higher than that of activated carbon.