Biopolymers and their classifications

Singh, Rahul; Gautam, Sanjeev; Bk, Sharma; Jain, Purnima; Chauhan, Krishna Dutt

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819240-5.00002-x

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…By incorporating with other polymers or inorganic fillers or being crosslinked, some of chitosan−/cellulose‐based membrane properties eventually able to compete over Nafion‐based membrane 103 . Singh et al 150 classified cellulose as one of the natural biopolymers and have two cellulose‐based polymers that have maximum tensile strength of 0.94 and 1.03 GPa, portrayed by ramie and flax respectively. Chitosan is one of the synthetic biopolymers, as it could be prepared from crustacean shells.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study proved that covalent crosslinking using NCC managed to enhance mechanical properties of the membranes. According to Singh et al, 150 the performance of two cellulose‐based polymers that have maximum tensile strength of 0.94 and 1.03 GPa was portrayed by ramie and flax, respectively. Cellulose is one of the natural biopolymers, while chitosan is one of the synthetic biopolymers, as it could be prepared from crustacean shells.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent biopolymers used for membrane fuel cells: Characterization analysis perspectives

Musa

Shaari

Kamarudin

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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The emergence of biopolymers as polymer electrolyte membrane for non-Nafion used fuel cell application in recent years was an impactful finding. This review gives a different approach to researchers, by exposing the characterization analysis perspectives of developed materials from biomass sourcesalginates, carrageenan, cellulose, chitosan and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Their membrane performances are proven in this work through chemistry understandings, hence assuring a clear picture to gain information of these biopolymers' behavior as PEM. These five bio-precursor materials are believed to perform as high potential PEM alternatives, thus this study appeared to be an insightful guidance to the industry replacing high cost Nafion membrane to a lower cost membrane sources for future massive production economically benign. HIGHLIGHTS• Biopolymers are one of the promising natural sources to be utilized as the essential PEM in fuel cell • These biopolymers to be highlighted in this review are alginates, chitosan, carrageenan, cellulose and starch • Electronic biopolymers like carbon composites, hydrogels, nucleic acid, polyester, polysaccharide and protein imposed great features with their abundant functional groups, strong electrical conductivity, excellent ion conduction, versatility and stability

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Section: Characterization Of the Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of the Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent biopolymers used for membrane fuel cells: Characterization analysis perspectives

Musa

Shaari

Kamarudin

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, there are natural biopolymers such as collagen and its derivative gelatin which are protein-based and are generally obtained by the industries that process meats and fish ( Gómez-Guillén et al, 2011 ). There are also cellulose, starch, amylose and many other polysaccharides obtained from plant sources ( Singh et al, 2021 ). Alternatively to natural biopolymers, there are also synthetic biopolymers that are synthesised in the laboratory starting from natural sources or chemically modified versions of the ones available in nature (e.g., PCL, PLA, PLGA, PVA and others) ( Reddy et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Graphene-based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide and Biomolecules for the Production of Functional 3D Graphene-Based Materials

Passaretti

2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Graphene and its derivatives have been widely employed in the manufacturing of novel composite nanomaterials which find applications across the fields of physics, chemistry, engineering and medicine. There are many techniques and strategies employed for the production, functionalization, and assembly of graphene with other organic and inorganic components. These are characterized by advantages and disadvantages related to the nature of the specific components involved. Among many, biomolecules and biopolymers have been extensively studied and employed during the last decade as building blocks, leading to the realization of graphene-based biomaterials owning unique properties and functionalities. In particular, biomolecules like nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes, as well as viruses, are of particular interest due to their natural ability to self-assemble via non-covalent interactions forming extremely complex and dynamic functional structures. The capability of proteins and nucleic acids to bind specific targets with very high selectivity or the ability of enzymes to catalyse specific reactions, make these biomolecules the perfect candidates to be combined with graphenes, and in particular graphene oxide, to create novel 3D nanostructured functional biomaterials. Furthermore, besides the ease of interaction between graphene oxide and biomolecules, the latter can be produced in bulk, favouring the scalability of the resulting nanostructured composite materials. Moreover, due to the presence of biological components, graphene oxide-based biomaterials are more environmentally friendly and can be manufactured more sustainably compared to other graphene-based materials assembled with synthetic and inorganic components. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art of 3D graphene-based materials assembled using graphene oxide and biomolecules, for the fabrication of novel functional and scalable materials and devices.

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“…Generally, biopolymers can be broadly divided into biodegradable and non-biodegradable, both of this categories of biopolymer are different types (Fig. 2) [29]. Among numerous, starch, cellulose, chitosan, and agar that are derived from carbohydrate as well as gelatin, gluten, alginate, whey protein, and collagen which can be derived from protein [18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Types Of Biopolymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Biopolymers for Biomedical Applications: A Review

Almasoudi¹,

Hussin²,

Alareeshi³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Res. Publ. Rev.

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Bio-based materials are considering as efficient, low cost and environmental friendly material for the different purposes including biomedical applications. Last few decades Nanostructured biopolymers have been widely used for several medical applications including wound heling, drug delivery, tissue engineering etc. as because of low cost, efficient and abundant presence of raw materials in around. This review was aimed to evaluate the role of nanostructured biopolymers for medical applications by the published works. The review also explored the efficiency, stability and mechanistic insight of different biopolymers for diverse medical applications by reported research published in the past.

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Biopolymers and their classifications

Cited by 29 publications

References 114 publications

Recent biopolymers used for membrane fuel cells: Characterization analysis perspectives

Recent biopolymers used for membrane fuel cells: Characterization analysis perspectives

Graphene Oxide and Biomolecules for the Production of Functional 3D Graphene-Based Materials

Nanostructured Biopolymers for Biomedical Applications: A Review

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