Biopolymers as fillers for rubber blends

Kramárová, Z.; Alexy, Pavol; Chodák, Ivan; Špirk, E.; Hudeč, Ivan; Košíková, B.; Gregorová, Adriána; Suri, Pavan; Feranc, Jozef; Bugaj, P.; Ďuračka, M.

doi:10.1002/pat.803

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…As presented in Fig. 5, all studied biocomposites was characterized by positive Wolff activity coefficient, which suggests increase of reinforcing effect of applied cellulosic fillers with increasing content of filler (Kramárová et al 2007). However, this effect was less visible for NR/WB biocomposites, which confirms partial plasticizing of NR matrix by proteins present in WB filler.…”

Section: Curing Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and structure–property relationships of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites

et al. 2016

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In this work, wheat bran was used as cellulosic filler in biocomposites based on natural rubber. The impact of wheat bran content [ranging from 10 to 50 parts per hundred rubber (phr)] on processing, structure, dynamic mechanical properties, thermal properties, physico-mechanical properties and morphology of resulting biocomposites was investigated. For better characterization of interfacial interactions between natural rubber and wheat bran, achieved results were compared with properties of biocomposites filled with commercially available cellulosic fillers-wood flour and microcellulose. It was observed that wheat bran, unlike commercial cellulosic fillers, contains high amount of proteins, which act like plasticizers having profitable impact on processing, physical, thermo-mechanical and morphological properties of biocomposites. This is due to better dispersion and distribution of wheat bran particles in natural rubber, which results in reduction of stiffness and porosity of the biocomposites. Regardless of cellulosic filler type, Wolff activity coefficient was positive for all studied biocomposites implying reinforcing effect of the applied fillers, while tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing filler content. This phenomenon is related to restricted strain-induced crystallization of NR matrix due to limited mobility of polymer chains in the biocomposites. Furthermore, this explains negligible impact of particle size distribution, chemical composition and crystallinity degree of applied cellulosic filler on static mechanical properties of highlyfilled NR biocomposites. The conducted investigations show that wheat bran presents interesting alternative for commercially available cellulosic fillers and could be successfully applied as a low-cost filler in polymer composites.

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Section: Curing Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and structure–property relationships of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites

et al. 2016

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“…M L , a measure of the viscosity of the compound, is found to decrease with the addition of CLM, which can be explained as a result of the plasticizing effect of the low molecular weight lignin . However, with the increase of CLM loading, more dispersed clay particles form and reduce the mobility of the rubber chains, and the value of M L tends to increase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The size of small particles is at the level of 1 µm, referring to the bar in the image at high magnification. Kramarova has reported that lignin could partially dissolve in the NBR matrix giving a homogenous morphology, and one can take the small particles as clay particles or lignin‐modified clay particles. Large size of clay agglomerates as reported for Na‐MMT/NBR in reference is not observed .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cure characteristics and properties of NBR composites filled with co‐precipitates of black liquor and montmorillonite

Liao

Wang

et al. 2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) composites filled with co‐precipitates of black liquor and montmorillonite (CLM) were prepared by mechanical mixing on a two‐roll mill. The cure characteristics, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and thermo‐oxidative aging properties of NBR/CLM composites were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the filler particles were well dispersed in the NBR/CLM composites. The scorch time and optimum cure time increase with increasing filler loading. A remarkable enhancement in tensile strength, elongation at break, 300% modulus, and shore “A” hardness was also observed. When the loading of CLM was 40 parts per hundred rubbers, it showed about seven times increase in tensile strength, about 1.8 times increase in elongation at break, about three times increase in 300% modulus, and about 1.3 times increase in shore A hardness, respectively, as compared with those of pure cured NBR. Thermal properties and thermal oxidative aging properties, in general, were also improved with loading of this novel filler. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) was used for this purpose in lignin-polyolefi n (low-density polyethylene) blends. 206 Diene-based rubber can also be considered as a polyolefi n, and lignin and styrene-butadiene rubber 207,208 /natural rubber 208 were blended to examine the function of lignin in the rubber properties. The sulfur-free lignin functioned as a fi ller to improve physiomechanical properties of lignin-containing vulcanized rubber.…”

Section: Polyolefi Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of lignin-based materials

2013

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There is a need for renewable resources as a raw material for commodity polymers. Lignin is one of the most important natural biopolymers from renewable resources due to its suffi cient supply, robust material properties and the fact that its use does not compete with the food supply. Lignin has been investigated since the late 19th century, but its applications are limited due to poor processability, low reactivity and intrinsic heterogeneity depending on the plant source and isolation methods used. Current strategies for using lignin in modern materials center on integrating it with other natural or synthetic polymers. This review article introduces the technological importance of lignin and focuses on copolymers and blends based on lignin in a broad range of applications.

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Biopolymers as fillers for rubber blends

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

Processing and structure–property relationships of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites

Processing and structure–property relationships of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites

Cure characteristics and properties of NBR composites filled with co‐precipitates of black liquor and montmorillonite

Chemistry of lignin-based materials

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