Bioprinting of Human Musculoskeletal Interface

Abstract

Human musculoskeletal interface (MI) refer to biofunctional and engineering similarities enabling smooth connections through muscular and skeletal attachments. MI is commonly involved in musculoskeletal injuries and degenerative diseases, while the key problem to achieve biological integration with the surrounding host tissues of MI is fabricating substitution with precisely structural and material distribution. Bioprinting has made it possible to achieve artificial tissues with spatial controlled heterogeneity of physical properties and bioactive composition similar to native MI tissues. In this review, emphasis is put on detailed introduction of structural and biofunctional properties of MI tissues, as well as recent MI bioprinting application of microextrusion and inkjet bioprinting approaches. Specially, by combining 3D printing and bioprinting approaches, hybrid bioprinting approaches of reinforced MI constructs are retrospected. Other issues of biomaterials, bioprinting methods and relevant regulations are discussed. Future challenges in engineering, material science and clinical transformation are also summarized. Taken together, bioprinting of MI tissues can be of great interest in future development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Regeneration of skeletal system with genipin crosslinked biomaterials

“…Extrusion-based bioprinting has been verified to be suitable for constructing skeletal system tissues that maintained a high cell survival rate in cell-laden structures. 140 It is necessary to crosslink bioprinted tissue in order to enhance the connection strength of overlapping points and maintain structural stability after the structures have been created by stereolithography or chemical crosslinking. Additionally, ultraviolet crosslinking or the use of traditional crosslinking reagents cause cytotoxicity, resulting in <40% cell survival after the completion of the corresponding bioprinted tissues.…”

Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials in 3D (Bio)printing toward Bone Regeneration

“…[ 13,15 ] The multimaterial hybrid printing is also optimized for reinforcing the 3D musculoskeletal interfaces. [ 16 ] In addition, the physical behavior of 3D‐(bio)printed bone implants can more or less be strengthened by the introduction of nanofibers, nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and other types of nanomaterials. [ 17 ] Among them, electrospun nanofibers are the most often used for reinforcing 3D printing and bioprinting systems.…”

Mechanical and energy absorption properties of functionally graded lattice structures based on minimal curved surfaces

“…As is known to all, those conflicts which are key challenges for the enhancement of the mechanical performance of structures restricted by a series of contradictions among different properties can be easily solved in nature [1]. Inspired by the structures of wheat awn and softwood branches [2], turtle rib [3], shark denticle [4], bamboo [5] and other natural structures, many scientific research teams have been trying to find an optimal method from nature to achieve higher performance requirements [6][7][8][9]. Function graded structure (FGS) is one of the design methods derived from nature, and has been widely used in various fields, such as heat dissipating [10,11], energy absorption [12][13][14][15], optoelectronic and thermoelectric [16], biomedical prosthetic device [17][18][19][20][21] machinery and equipment application [22,23].…”