Bioprocessing Wheat Residues to Recycle Plant Nutrients to the JSC Variable Pressure Growth Chamber during the L/MLSTP Phase III Test

Strayer, Richard F.; Alazraki, Michael P.; Yorio, N.C.; Finger, Barry W.

doi:10.4271/981706

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition, a small plant growth chamber was placed in the human living habitat to allow the crew to grow fresh lettuce to supplement to their stowed foods (Barta and Henderson, 1998). This test also recycled nutrients recovered from inedible biomass of previous plantings using stirred-tank bioreactors (Strayer et al, 1998). The staggered planting approach revealed some challenges for growing different aged crops hydroponically on the same nutrient solution, where older plants tended to remove K and P quickly, causing nutrient deficiencies in younger plants (Barta and Henderson, 1998).…”

Section: Biospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture for Space: People and Places Paving the Way

Wheeler

2017

Open Agriculture

130

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Section: Biospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture for Space: People and Places Paving the Way

Wheeler

2017

Open Agriculture

130

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“…This loading rate was selected because it had been used in previous studies of crop residue bioprocessing in continuous stirred tank reactors (3,4,(12)(13)(14). However, fresh chopped wheat residues could not be magnetically stirred at this loading rate.…”

Section: Crop Residue Leaching Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this study is the first to compare the effects of different crop residue drying and size reduction pretreatment methods on the same batch of crop (wheat) residue. A comparison of these leach-ing results with past leaching and resource recovery biodegradation studies at KSC is difficult (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)16), because most were done with one pretreatment (i.e., oven-dried and milled crop residues). In addition, a complete mass or mineral balance was not done for the CSTR biodegradation studies, which mainly stressed only what was present in the leachate or bioreactor effluent and ignored what was not recovered and left behind in the leached or bioprocessed solids.…”

Section: Dry Weight Loss and Ash Content Of Leached Solids And Solublmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies at KSC have shown a CSTR can be used to recycle inorganic nutrients from crop residues back to a hydroponic crop production system (3,4,(12)(13)(14). These mineral nutrients were leached from the crop residue in the bioreactor and recovered in the harvested broth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioprocessing of wheat residues in a CSTR (14) was also used to provide recycled nutrients to support crop growth in the Variable Pressure Growth Chamber (VPGC) at Johnson Space Center (JSC) as part of the 91-day JSC Lunar/Mars Life Support Test Project Phase III. The wheat residues had been grown at JSC in a previous VPGC study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Drying and Size Reduction Pretreatments on Recovery of Inorganic Crop Nutrients From Inedible Wheat Residues

Strayer

Alazraki²,

Judkins³

2003

habitation (elmsford)

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Inorganic nutrients can be easily recovered from ALS crop residue solid wastes by aqueous leaching. However, oven-drying and milling pretreatment of these residues has been frequently required to accommodate crop scientists and facility storage limitations. As part of a research study that will compare three different bioreactor technologies for processing these wastes, we realized that different drying and size reduction pretreatments had been utilized for each technology. This article compares the effects of residue pretreatment on recovery of nutrients by leaching. Pretreatments included three drying methods [fresh, oven-dried (70°C overnight), and freeze-dried)] and two size reduction methods [chopped (2 cm length) and milled (2 mm diameter)]. Determination of mass balances (dry weight and ash content of solids) before and after leaching indicated solublization was least for fresh residues (23% dry weight loss and 50% for ash loss) and most for freeze-dried residues (41-47% dry weight loss and nearly 100% for ash loss). Mineral recovery of major elements (NO 3 , PO 4 , K, Ca, and Mg) in leachates was poorest for fresh residues. P and K recovery in leachates was best for oven-dried residues, and Ca, Mg, and N recovery best for freeze-dried residues. The differences in recovery for N, P, and K in leachates were minimal between chopping and milling and slightly better for Ca and Mg from milled residues. conversion of crop residue (15). However, oven-drying and milling pretreatment of these residues (inedible roots, stems, leaves, and chaff) had been frequently required to accommodate crop scientists and facility storage limitations. As a first step, wheat residues were extracted with water at room temperature to remove soluble compounds that might later interfere with cellulose hydrolysis. Upon analysis, this aqueous extract (leachate) was found to contain significant quantities of many plant nutrients (nitrate, K, Ca, Mg, phosphate, etc.). This leachate could be used to replenish wheat hydroponic solutions, but soluble organic compounds were also extracted (7,8). These compounds led to problems in the nutrient delivery system if not first removed from the leachate

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