Bioprospecting of Bioactive Metabolites from Monochaetia karstenii

Abstract

In the present study, to optimize the media for the production of bioactive compounds from Monochaetia karstenii was carried out and compounds were identified by GC-MS. M. karstenii was identified from infected Camellia japonica leaves by classical and molecular taxonomy. It was cultured in different media and determined their mycelial biomass and antibacterial activity. Further Maltose Maltose tartrate broth (MTB) was altered for its media components such as carbon, nitrogen, minerals, amino acids and vitamins sources and physical parameters like temperature, pH and incubation periods for growth and production of secondary metabolites from M. karstenii. The antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds were performed from three different solvent extracts (Chloroform, Dichloromethane and Ethyl acetate) of M. karstenii from optimized medium. M. karstenii had optimum growth in MTB showing mycelial growth of 13.16 g/L. The ethyl acetate extract observed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (21 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm) and Vibrio chloreae (18 mm). In-vitro antioxidant activity revealed that, the IC 50 values for 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total antioxidant radical scavenging assay of 100.58 μg/ml, 140 μg/ml and 141.91 μg/ml from ethyl acetate extract respectively. Thus the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the fungal extract has been due to the presence of biocompounds such as cyclohexenone derivatives, cinnamic acid, isooxazoline 3-phenyl-benzodiazepine, 2-propenoic acid 3-phenyl-(E)-dodecene and 3-undecen -1-yne (E) were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and reported first time in M. karstenii. We conclude that M. karstenii possess excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant potential and can be exploited for the discovery of new drug molecules.

Pneumolysin as a target for new therapies against pneumococcal infections: A systematic review

“…Most of the studies were published by scientists from Southeast Asia, principally China (n = 17), followed by Europe (n = 10), and the USA (n = 9) ( S4 Table ). In 15 of the articles, the experiments were carried out using only cell cultures, while in 26, animal models of pneumococcal infection were used (24 articles induced a pneumonia model, of which two also induced systemic infection) [ 64 , 65 ], one model of meningitis [ 66 ], two of keratitis [ 67 , 68 ], one of atherosclerosis [ 69 ] and one of nasopharyngeal colonization [ 70 ]. The most frequently used animal models were mice for pneumoniaand rabbits for keratitis.…”

“…Among the therapeutic peptides studied, some of them were designed to form hydrogen bridges with the cholesterol-interaction loop of different CDCs (PLY, LLO, and SLO) in a way that inhibits their hemolysis capacity and their pro-inflammatory activity. Thus, the named MRC-1 peptides bind PLY in domain 4 and inhibit binding to the human mannose receptor (MRC-1/CD206, a phagocytic receptor for bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens) [ 65 ]. Therefore, they reduced PLY-induced damage to the integrity of the epithelial barrier, the release of the chemokine IL-8, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-12 as well as blocked bacterial invasion into the epithelium.…”

“…In this review, seven peptides are presented as candidates for adjuvant therapy. Three of the peptides [64,65,69] (J34 binds to the SV1 splice variant of the GHRH receptor, TIP binds PKC-α, and vasculotide binds to the Tie2 angiopeptin receptor) act on endothelium hyperpermeability thus minimizing fluid extravasation into alveolar space. Le et al (2015) [64] showed how synthetic hybrid peptides, with antimicrobial activity improved survival and reduced the sequelae of lethal pneumococcal systemic infection in animal models.…”

Two New Species and Three New Records of Ascomycetes in Korea

“…Some species, such as M . karstenii produces different metabolites such as cyclohexenone derivatives, cinnamic acid, isooxazoline 3-phenyl-benzodiazepine, 2-propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-(E)-dodecene, and 3-undecen-1-yne (E) with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity [ 67 ]. Monochaetia sp.…”

A new host plant for Monochaetia monochaeta from Southern Anatolia

“…Monochaetia monochaeta is reported to be common in host families such as Fagaceae, Ericaceae, Aceraceae, and Myrtaceae. M. monochaeta is a fungus that harms deciduous trees, especially Quercus, Castanea, and Rhododendron species, in their natural environment [1,4,5]. It is a pathogenic species that cause severe economic damage to Castanea sativa Mill.…”