Bioprospecting of Novel and Bioactive Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Rubber Tree Ficus elastica Leaves

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are an important component of plant microbiota, and have the excellent capacity for producing a broad variety of bioactive metabolites. These bioactive metabolites not only affect the survival of the host plant, but also provide valuable lead compounds for novel drug discovery. In this study, forty-two endophytic filamentous fungi were isolated from Ficus elastica leaves, and further identified as seven individual taxa by ITS-rDNA sequencing. The antimicrobial activity of these endophytic fungi was evaluated against five pathogenic microorganisms. Two strains, Fes1711 (Penicillium funiculosum) and Fes1712 (Trichoderma harzianum), displayed broad-spectrum bioactivities. Our following study emphasizes the isolation, identification and bioactivity testing of chemical metabolites produced by T. harzianum Fes1712. Two new isocoumarin derivatives (1 and 2), together with three known compounds (3-5) were isolated, and their structures were elucidated using NMR and MS. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli. Our findings reveal that endophytic fungi from the rubber tree F. elastica leaves exhibit unique characteristics and are potential producers of novel natural bioactive products.

Deletion of the Histone Deacetylase HdaA in Endophytic Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Fes1701 Induces the Complex Response of Multiple Bioactive Secondary Metabolite Production and Relevant Gene Cluster Expression

“…Fungal genomic DNA was isolated using the CTAB method [ 25 ]. The oligonucleotide sequences of PCR primers are listed in Table S1 .…”

“…However, the application of this regulation technique is limited to endophytic fungi. In this study, we constructed an hdaA homologue deletion mutant of P. chrysogenum Fes1701, an endophytic fungus isolated from rubber tree ( Ficus elastica ) leaves [ 25 ], and investigated the effects of HdaA inactivation on secondary metabolism. Our results indicate that the ΔhdaA strain showed a significant change of secondary metabolic profile with the emergence of some SMs.…”

Naturally Occurring Isocoumarins Derivatives from Endophytic Fungi: Sources, Isolation, Structural Characterization, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities

“…The antimicrobial potential of 237 and 238 separated Trichoderma harzianum was investigated towards B. subtilis, E. coil, C. albicans, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa using well diffusion technique. They had a weak inhibitory effect against E. coli (MICs 32 µg/mL), compared to chloramphenicol (MIC 4 µg/mL), whereas they were inactive towards the other tested microorganisms [69]. Compounds [73].…”

Antibacterial activity of Cordyline fruticosa leaf extracts and its endophytic fungi extracts

“…The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the pure compounds were evaluated by dilution in EtOH to obtain series concentrations of 256,128,64,32,16,8, and 4 μg/mL. The inhibition zone > 9 mm indicated that the compound had antibacterial activity at the corresponding concentration (Ding et al 2019).…”

“…Endophytic fungi obtain nutrients, protection, and growing sites from host plants. Several endophytic fungal species have been reported to produce antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor bioactive compounds that can protect host plants (Hussain et al 2014;Bungtongdee et al 2018;Praptiwi et al 2018;Ding et al 2019).…”