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Abstract. Elfita, Mardiyanto, Fitrya, Larasati JE, Julinar, Widjajanti H, Muharni. 2019. Antibacterial activity of Cordyline fruticosa leaf extracts and its endophytic fungi extracts. Biodiversitas 20: 3804-3812. Endophytic fungi live by forming colonies in plant tissues without harming the host plant. Cordyline fruticose has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections; therefore, its endophytic fungi are expected to have similar activity. In this study, C. fruticosa leaves were extracted with gradient solvents and evaluated for their antibacterial activity using the Kirby–Bauer method against Gram-negative (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. The extracts of endophytic fungi from C. fruticosa leaves were evaluated for their antibacterial activity, as well. The endophytic fungus with good antibacterial activity was identified by molecular and phylogenetic methods. Chemical compounds from endophytic fungus DB1 were isolated by chromatography and subsequently determined by spectroscopy. The methanol extract of C. fruticosa leaves showed strong antibacterial activity equivalent to the endophytic fungus (DB1). Molecular identification and analysis through the phylogenetic tree showed that the DB1 fungus has a high level of similarity to Neurospora tetrasperma strain APBSDSF108. The antibacterial compounds (compound 1 and 2) isolated from the endophytic fungus DB1 were identified as 4-hydroxy-5-phenylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl acetate and ergosterol, respectively.

Leaves of jambu air (Syzygium samarangense L.) has been used by local residents as medicine for various diseases caused by free radical agents in human’s body. This study aims to find a new source of antioxidants from medicinal plants and their endophytic fungi Syzygium samarangense leaves was fractionated by maceration method using gradient solvent i.e.  n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antioxidant activity of the leaf fractions was determined using 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The chemical compound was isolated from active fraction by chromatographic techniques and their chemical structure was identified using spectroscopy techniques.  The endophytic fungi was isolated from S. samarangense leaves and continued to cultivation in potato-dextrose broth (PDB) medium for four weeks. The medium was extracted using ethyl acetate and determined its antioxidant activity. Fungi’s isolate with highest activity was analyzed to identify its molecular. Ethyl acetate fraction of S. samarangense leaves showed highest antioxidant activity. Spectroscopy analysis result concluded the isolated compound is 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl flavanone. Four endophytic fungi had been isolated form S. samarangense leaves. Antioxidant activity test showed that ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi BJA-1 has the highest value. Molecular identification of BJA-1 shows high homology with Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis strain CBS 129753.

Abstract. Gustianingtyas M, Herlinda S, Suwandi, Suparman, Hamidson H, Hasbi, Setiawan A, Verawaty M, Elfita, Arsi. 2020. Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrate of lowland and highland soil of South Sumatra against Spodoptera litura larvae. Biodiversitas 21: 1839-1849. The use of secondary fungal metabolites for the active ingredient of mycoinsecticide is more effective and more easily integrated with other pest control techniques. This study aimed to measure the toxicity of the culture filtrate of entomopathogenic fungi originating from South Sumatra against the Spodoptera litura larvae. Beauveria bassiana (25 isolates) and Metarhizium anisopliae (20 isolates) of South Sumatra were cultured in liquid media and filtered to produce culture filtrate. The larvae which were sick due to the filtrate showed the symptoms of decreased appetite and were not actively moving, while the dead larvae were characterized by being wrinkled, dry, black integument, and odorless. Mortality caused by B. bassiana filtrate was the highest 98% (BJgTs isolate) and not significantly different from the BSwTd2 isolate (94.67%). Yet, the LT50 BSwTd2 isolate was shorter (5.92 days) compared to the LT50 BJgTs isolate (6.35 days). The most toxic M. anisopliae filtrate produced the mortality of 96% (MKbTp2 isolate) and 85.33% (MPdB isolate) each of which had LT50 of 7.36 days and 8.09 days, respectively. So, the most toxic culture filtrate was BSwTd2 isolate of B. bassiana and MKbTp2 isolate of M. anisopliae. The entomopathogenic fungi producing filtrate which are toxic have the potential to be active ingredients of mycoinsecticides.

Abstract. Habisukan UH, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Setiawan A, Kurniawati AR. 2021. Diversity of endophytic fungi in Syzygium aqueum. Biodiversitas 22: 1129-1137. Exploring endophytic fungi may provide alternative, plant-based ethnomedicines. The discovery of endophytic fungi can produce many plant-derived drugs that give new horizons to the pharmaceutical industry for the availability and production of such medicines on a large scale. Extracts from Syzygium aqueum Alston (jambu air), a fruit-bearing plant native to Indonesia, have long been used in traditional medicine. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify, and investigate, the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic fungi found in S. aqueum. Results revealed that total16 fungi were isolated . Fungal endophytes were identified through morphological characterization and subsequently compared with key fungal identification books. The ethyl acetate extracts of the isolated endophytic fungi were screened for their antimicrobial activity through paper disc diffusion assay fungi isolated from S. aqueum were identified as: Aspergillus niger (Isolate code R21, R41, T72), Cylindrocarpon sp. (Isolate code R11, R31), Trichoderma aureoviridae (Isolate code T11), Trichoderma harzianum (Isolate code T21), Trichoderma sp. (Isolate code T31), Pestalotia sp. (Isolate code T41and T62), Beltrania sp. (Isolate code T52), Chaetomium sp. (Isolate code L11), Cochliobolus sp. (Isolate code L22), Penicillium sp. (Isolate code L32), Cylindrocladium sp. (Isolate code L42), and an unidentified Ascomycota (T51). The values of Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indexes for the overall fungal community were H′=2.133 and 1-D=0.859 respectively. All isolates showed potential antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus, but the lowest activity against Candida albicans. The results indicate that the bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites of these isolates should be further investigated for pharmaceutical applications.