Biopsy specimen identification by detection of sex chromosomes: application of in situ hybridisation.

Extensive chimerism in liver transplants: Vascular endothelium, bile duct epithelium, and hepatocytes

“…For sex-chromosome identification in the five sex-mismatched grafts, we performed in situ hybridization using repetitive DNA probes specific for X and Y chromosomes, as previously described. 25 Briefly, probes were biotinylated by nick translation and dissolved in a 60% formamide hybridization mixture. Paraffin sections 6-m thick were cut and mounted on poly-L-lysine-coated slides.…”

“…25 Briefly, probes were biotinylated by nick translation and dissolved in a 60% formamide hybridization mixture. Paraffin sections 6-m thick were cut and mounted on poly-L-lysine-coated slides.…”

Hepatitis C virus genotype testing in paraffin wax embedded liver biopsies for specimen identification

“…[4][5][6][7] Immunohistochemistry for ABO blood group antigens is the most frequently used method, 4 but sex chromosomes and HLA antigens are also useful markers. 5 6 However, ABO antigen testing and sex chromosome identification cannot be used if patients have the same characteristics.…”

“…Previous reports have demonstrated the value of new technologies in correctly identifying pathological specimens that have been mixed up. [4][5][6][7] Gene assays can be extremely useful for sorting out these situations. 5 7 Here, we report our experience of a mix up with two liver biopsy specimens.…”

Rapid verification of the identity of questionable specimens using immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies directed against HLA‐class I antigens

“…For example, immunostaining for ABH blood groups is limited to patients of different blood groups 1 . Detection of a sex-difference either by in-situ hybridization with Y-chromosome specific probes or with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) or by demonstration of inactivation of the X-chromosome is restricted to patients of different sex 2,3 . PCR analysis of polymorphic microsatellite markers 4 or allele-specific oligomers to detect polymorphisms at the HLA class II region 5 are suitable tools to distinguish between individuals.…”