Biorecovery of chitin from shrimp shell waste (Litopenaeus vanamme) using fermentation and co-fermentation of L.plantarum and B.thuringiensis

Abstract

Litopenaeus vanamme shrimp shell waste, which is abundantly available in Indonesia, could be optimally utilized through chitin extraction. The high-temperature chemical process is a fast and simple conventional method for extracting chitin. However, for economical and environmentally friendly process, it need a green extraction method through bacterial fermentation. Therefore in this research, biological process was carried out through Litopenaeus vanamme shrimp shell fermentation using various bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum (A), Bacillus thuringiensis (B), and the combination of both bacteria (C) compared to chemical method (D). The yield of method A, B, C and D were: 80.67±0.43%; 71.25±0.45%; 63.91±1.20%; and 31.46±0.06% respectively. Co-fermentation method (method C) resulting in brighter color, higher deproteination and demineralization degree than single-fermentation methods (method A and B). The deproteination and demineralization degree of method A; B; C; D were: 28.51±0.69%, 17.41±0.89%; 47.71±1.01%, 15.08±0.36%; 50.29±1.14%, 34.33±1.04%; and 85.17±0.10%, 50.13 ± 0.72% respectively. Chitin produced from biological and chemical method had total nitrogen less than 7%. Based on the calculations through FTIR data, chitin from biological method resulted in higher degree of acetylation than chemical method. The higher the degree of acetylation obtained, the less the polymer is degraded which can preserve chitin structure.

Antimicrobial Biomasses from Lactic Acid Fermentation of Black Soldier Fly Prepupae and Related By-Products

“…In fact, as demonstrated by gross composition, puparia contains the highest amount of chitin and minerals and the lower amount of protein and lipid, and this specificity seems to favour LAB growth and the development of antimicrobial properties against pathogens. Although proteolysis, amino acids catabolism and lipolysis are the most studied pathways, LAB have also shown the ability to grow on chitin substrates and hydrolyse it in different derivatives such as chitooligosaccarides and chitosan [ 53 , 54 ]. Despite no specific analysis for the detailed determination of chitin or chitosan oligomers was performed, it is possible that fermentation lead to a modification of chitin with production of antimicrobial compounds.…”

Modification of Biochitin Immobilized Dithizone as Adsorbent for Cr (VI) Removal

“…The color is still brown because the depigmentation process was not conducted. As reported by Rosmawati et al 11) , the biochitin extracted by sequential fermentation method has acetylation degree (DA) of 86.22%. It was higher than chemically extracted chitin.…”

“…Biochitin used in this presented study was extracted through sequential fermentation method as described by Rosmawati et al 11) . As a starter, the culture of 15 hours L. plantarum in the de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe Agar (MRSA) modified with Shrimp Head Extract Shell (SHES) in 2% glucose was used.…”

“…As specific and sensitive ligand, immobilization of dithizone could add the adsorption sites in the chitin because of the availability of N donor atoms, as well as -NH and -SH as groups which are respossible for chelation with cationic heavy metals, such as Cd(II) ion 9) . Chitin could be isolated from shrimp shells, crab shell, and squid bones 10,11) . Extraction of chitin could be performed chemically through protein hydrolysis (deproteination) using high concentration of basic solution and followed by removal of inorganic material (demineralization) using concentrated acid solution 12) .…”

“…Rosmawati et al 11) has produced biochitin through sequential fermentation with L. plantarum followed by B. thuringiensis. The resulted biochitin could adsorb anionic heavy metal species, such as Cr(VI) in the diluted electroplating waste at pH 5, with the adsorption efficiency up to 51.99%±0.41.…”