Biorefinery Concept Employing Bacillus coagulans: LX-Lignin and L-(+)-Lactic Acid from Lignocellulose

Schroedter, Linda; Streffer, Friedrich; Streffer, Katrin; Unger, Peter D.; Venus, Joachim

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9091810

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…And it produces large amounts of lactic acid and other metabolites that can reduce the risk of pathogenic infection in the gut [ 26 ]. The lactic acid in the fermented CSM feed can increase the acidity of the feed, inhibit the growth of bacteria that make the feed spoil, and delay and prevent the feed from mildew [ 23 ]. And B. coagulans also has spores with good heat resistance, stability and stress resistance [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacillus coagulans , a lactic acid producing, spore-forming bacterial species [ 19 ], has been recognized as an effective probiotic [ 20 , 21 ]. The optimal growth temperature for B. coagulans is 50 °C [ 22 ], which shows advantages for lactic acid production [ 23 , 24 ] and inhibiting bacteria contamination during fermentation [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective gossypol removal from cottonseed meal through optimized solid-state fermentation by Bacillus coagulans

et al. 2022

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Background Cottonseed meal (CSM) is the main by-product of the cottonseed oil extraction process with high protein content, which is an important protein source for feed industry. However, CSM contains free gossypol (FG), a toxic substance that is detrimental to animal health and greatly limits its application. Microbial fermentation is currently considered to be one of the most effective methods to reduce FG and other anti-nutritional factors in CSM. Previously, yeast and bacteria species are used for degradation of FG in CSM, but showing less detoxification efficiency. Bacillus coagulans combines the properties of both lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, producing both lactic acid and spores, and is considered a potential probiotic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and optimize the effect of the solid-state fermentation process using a Bacillus coagulans to gossypol removal contained cottonseed meal. Results 36 B. coagulans strains were isolated and found to have the ability to remove free gossypol. Through the evaluation of strains and optimization of fermentation conditions including fermentation temperature, ratio of material to water, inoculation amount, fermentation time and pH, we have established a solid-state fermentation process using a Bacillus coagulans strain S17 on CSM substrate with 1:1 of the material-to-water ratio, 15% (v/w) seed inoculation, 2% expanded corn flour, 1% bran, and 0.3%-0.8% metal irons at 40 °C for 52 h. After fermentation, the FG content in CSM was reduced from 923.80 to 167.90 mg/kg with 81.83% detoxification efficiency. Meanwhile, the crude protein content in CSM increased from 47.98 to 52.82%, and importantly, the spore concentration of strain S17 reached 1.68 × 1010 CFU/g dry material. Conclusion The study showed that B. coagulans have the potential strong ability to degrade free gossypol through cottonseed meal fermentation. This study presents a feasible process for improving the resource utilization rate and nutritional value of CSM via solid-state fermentation through B. coagulans S17.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective gossypol removal from cottonseed meal through optimized solid-state fermentation by Bacillus coagulans

et al. 2022

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“…Schroedter et al. [ 36 ] studied a novel pretreatment process named LX‐pretreatment (developed by the company LXP Group GmbH, Teltow, Germany) to promote rye straw dissolution using 75–80% phosphoric acid at 50–75 °C and atmospheric pressure at a ratio of about 1:3 (w/w) for 15–45 min. After biomass dissolution, carbohydrates were precipitated and subjected to fermentation with B. coagulans 14–300 strain for LA production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, a washing step of the solid fraction overcomes these effects leading to increased LA yield, product titer, and the average volumetric productivity during the conversion processes. Schroedter et al [36] studied a novel pretreatment process named LX-pretreatment (developed by the company LXP Group GmbH, Teltow, Germany) to promote rye straw dissolution using 75-80% phosphoric acid at 50-75 °C and atmospheric pressure at a ratio of about 1:3 (w/w) for 15-45 min. After biomass dissolution, carbohydrates were precipitated and subjected to fermentation with B. coagulans 14-300 strain for LA production.…”

Section: Integration Strategy For Lactic Acid Production From Mfgwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactic Acid Production from Lignocellulosic Residues: A Case Study Toward Process Integration

Doménech

Álvarez

Moreno

et al. 2023

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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In this study, the production of lactic acid from municipal forestry and greening wastes processed by steam explosion (SE) and enzymatic hydrolysis is addressed. The liquid fraction hydrolysate (LFH) obtained after filtration of the steam‐exploded slurry (previously subjected to detoxification) and the enzymatic hydrolysate resulting from the water insoluble solid fraction (WIS‐derived hydrolysate, WDH) are studied as substrate for lactic acid fermentation using an integrated strategy. The fermentation process of WDH using Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus rhamnosus shows similar sugar conversion yields of about 0.9 g g−1 (based on consumed glucose). In contrast, the use of detoxified LFH (d‐LFH) completely inhibits B. coagulans, making necessary a previous dilution with the WDH to trigger fermentation when using this microorganism. The best integrated strategy using both d‐LFH and WDH streams and B. coagulans as fermentative strain has a 1:3 d‐LFH:WDH ratio, yielding 0.93 g lactic acid g−1 of consumed sugars and a lactic acid concentration of about 50 g L−1.

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“…The methods used to produce LA include chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation [4]. Microbial fermentation has gradually become the main industrial production method because of its low cost and high yield of LA with high optical purity [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Fermentation by Lactobacillus bulgaricus T15 Cells Immobilized in Cross-Linked F127 Hydrogels to Produce ᴅ-Lactic Acid

et al. 2022

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Lignocellulose biorefinery via continuous cell-recycle fermentation has long been recognized as a promising alternative technique for producing chemicals. D-lactic acid (D-LA) production by fermentation of corn stover by Lactobacillus bulgaricus was proven to be feasible by a previous study. However, the phenolic compounds and the high glucose content in this substrate may inhibit cell growth. The immobilization of cells in polymer hydrogels can protect them from toxic compounds in the medium and improve fermentation efficiency. Here, we studied the production of D-LA by L. bulgaricus cells immobilized in cross-linkable F127 bis-polyurethane methacrylate (F127-BUM/T15). The Hencky stress and Hencky strain of F127-BUM/T15 was 159.11 KPa and 0.646 respectively. When immobilized and free-living cells were cultured in media containing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillin, or high glucose concentrations, the immobilized cells were more tolerant, produced higher D-LA yields, and had higher sugar-to-acid conversion ratios. After 100 days of fermentation, the total D-LA production via immobilized cells was 1982.97 ± 1.81 g with a yield of 2.68 ± 0.48 g/L h, which was higher than that of free cells (0.625 ± 0.28 g/L h). This study demonstrated that F127-BUM/T15 has excellent potential for application in the biorefinery industry.

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Biorefinery Concept Employing Bacillus coagulans: LX-Lignin and L-(+)-Lactic Acid from Lignocellulose

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Effective gossypol removal from cottonseed meal through optimized solid-state fermentation by Bacillus coagulans

Effective gossypol removal from cottonseed meal through optimized solid-state fermentation by Bacillus coagulans

Lactic Acid Production from Lignocellulosic Residues: A Case Study Toward Process Integration

Continuous Fermentation by Lactobacillus bulgaricus T15 Cells Immobilized in Cross-Linked F127 Hydrogels to Produce ᴅ-Lactic Acid

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