Bioremediation of lead and cadmium and the strive role of Pediococcus pentosaceus probiotic

Abstract

Consumption of food and water contaminated with heavy metals poses a huge threat to the life. Both of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) are heavy metals and important environmental pollutants. Away from traditional treatments, the current study aims to adopt probiotic bacteria Pediococcus pentosaceu to treat heavy metal pollution. Present results indicated a good probiotic property of P. pentosaceus, where they were able to survive pH range from 3-9, during incubation periods 3 and 24 hours, and bile salt range 0.15-0.5% for the same period. The number of bacteria in gastric (pH 3) and intestinal juices (pH 8) after 24 hours of incubation was 390 and 205, respectively. Bacteria showed an inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria Salmonella sp. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed them resistant to clindamycin, intermediate resistant against benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, and their sensitivity to the rest tested antibiotics. Isolated bacteria identified based on their morphology, biochemical characteristic in addition to the use of automated instrument for bacterial identification (Vitek II), and depending on the results bacteria were identified as P. pentosaceus. In bioremediation study, the lowest inhibitory concentration of lead and cadmium and (MIC) was done, followed by assay the removal capacity by P. pentosaceus, using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis. Bacteria show high MIC (1800 and 150 ppm) for Pb and Cd respectively. With removal efficiency for Pb 62.10-68.39% in the concentrations 25 and 50 ppm, respectively, and for Cd 52.71-11.25% in the same concentrations. Depending on the present finding probiotic bacteria (P. pentosaceus) can apply in the bioremediation of heavy metals in the fish ponds when contamination occurs, in addition to their tradition used as safety additive to prevent fish disease and an enhancement agent .Finally the isolation of these bacteria from fish ponds can be considered as a good indicator for a healthy state of fish ponds in the studied area.

The antagonism effect of sodium nitrate by ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on neurobehavioral of mice

“…Nitrate poisoning has been recorded in numerous studies (1,2) and it can happen in man and animals (3). Through entero hepatic metabolism of nitrate due to nitrite being an intermediate may cause poisoning of nitrate (4).…”

Determination of the lethal concentration 50% (LC50) of lead chloride and its accumulation in different organs of Gambusia affinis fish

“…Although the organisms survive the initial attack of pollutants due to their defense adaptations, the injuries caused by the gradual exposure will be observed even in small doses at later stages when the resistance of the organism is reduced due to ageing. In addition, the test organism's state and reaction to the amount of metal entering its body, the degree of retention and the rate of excretion affect the toxic effect of heavy metal (7). We studied lead accumulation in the brain, gill, liver, intestine, and muscles tissues of mosquito fish.…”

“…In different manufacturing methods Lead is a commonly used metal in various industrial processes and in the marine world is very persistent (6). Lead is a highly poisonous metal, and its routine use has caused excess contamination of the environment and associated health problems in many parts of the world (7). Fish have been recognized as the main aquatic organisms that accumulate considerable amounts of certain metals exceeding their concentrations in the aquatic ecosystem (8).…”

Histopathological effects of experimental exposure to lead on nervous system in albino female rats

“…The second group was treated with lead acetate orally by intragastric gavage at a dose of 30 mg /kg B.W. for 30 days (1).…”

“…Lead is a common environmental and factory-made (heavy metal) contaminant, which cause problem of body health. It is used in many industrial applications such as lead -acid batteries, cosmetics, hair coloring dyes, printing dyes and leaded crystal ware (1,2).…”