Determination of the lethal concentration 50% (LC50) of lead chloride and its accumulation in different organs of Gambusia affinis fish

Al-Kshab, None Amal A.; Yehya, Omamah Q.

doi:10.33899/ijvs.2020.126853.1401

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The particles measured less than 25 nanometers. The dose concentrations were selected in light of the Median Lethal dose 50 experiment (LD50) (10). Concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/ kg of body weight were used in this study.…”

Section: Choose the Doses Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the liver of Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica

Ahmed¹,

Taha²

2022

IJVS

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have multiple beneficial uses, as they are used in many medical, industrial, economic, and other fields. Despite these many benefits, it is not without harm to humans and animals if used without control. Therefore, the present study aimed to discover the histopathological effects of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the liver of Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. The study included three groups, the first group, the control group, which were dosed with distilled water for four continuous days, and the second and third experimental groups, which were dosed with Titanium dioxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Four, fourteen, thirty and sixty days after the experiment began, the birds were sacrificed. The results showed the emergence of many histological lesions in the liver of birds of the two experimental groups, to varying degrees, in the four periods, among the most prominent tissue lesions that appeared in the second experimental group, the emergence of necrosis, hemorrhage, vacuolation, congestion, ballooning swelling, in addition to infiltration of inflammatory cells. While in the third experimental group, histopathological lesions appeared similar to second group, in addition to sinuses dilatation, Kupffer cells hypertrophy, hepatocyte enlargement, and necrosis of the walls of blood vessels and bile ducts. The study concluded that direct exposure to Titanium dioxide nanoparticles leads to damage to the liver tissue of these birds, which may affect its function and thus endanger its life.

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Section: Choose the Doses Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the liver of Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica

Ahmed¹,

Taha²

2022

IJVS

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“…The acute oral LD50 of chlorpyrifos in chick was 13.705 mg/kg B.Wt, in the previous study the LD50 of chlorpyrifos in chicks was 18.14 mg/kg B.Wt and some reported LD50 ranged 25-35 mg/kg B.Wt (19) we can attributed this different to variation of chlorpyrifos origin, as well as the solvents, the intermediate vehicles, and the Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 35, Supplement I, 2021 (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) Proceedings of the 2nd Scientific Conference, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok concentration of the active ingredient in the formula as well as laboratory condition, and animal breed variation (20). It is worthy of mention that chlorpyrifos consider as highly toxic in birds and poultry, the toxic signs represented by cholinergic toxicity syndrome like salivation, defecation, muscle spasm, dispense and death due to a penea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 35, Supplement I, 2021 (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) Proceedings of the 2nd Scientific Conference, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok Interaction of oral LD50 of metronidazole with oral LD50 of chlorpyrifos at ratio 1:0, 5 five chicks from both sex were used, firstly metronidazole dosed orally at100% of LD50 and directly dosed orally with 50% of oral LD50 of chlorpyrifos, the result read death X or life O after 24 hour, and increased or decreased in dose was constant 10% of LD50 and repeat dosing up or down for 3chicks after changing the result death to life and versa and calculate orall LD50s of metronidazole and chlorpyrifos depending upon the diagram and equation of Dixon as described above. We subjected the LD50s of both metronidazole and chlorpyrifos to isobolographic analysis also the interaction index was calculated (14,15).…”

Section: Determination Of the Oral Ld50 Of Chlorpyrifos In Chicks By Up And Down Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity of metronidazole and its interaction with chlorpyrifos in chicks

Alsanjary¹,

Amin²

2021

IJVS

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Metronidazole is antimicrobial drug for human and animal use, The more characteristic side effect associated with use high dose of metronidazole is neurotoxic signs, some of these signs that recorded in animal represented by ataxia and tremor, there is limited information is available on the pharmacological profile of metronidazole in birds The aim of our study explain some of its neurological effect in chicks by its interaction with one of organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos that have well-known excitatory effect on nervous system. Median Lethal Doses (LD50) of metronidazole and chlorpyrifos were determined depending on up and down method. The intraperitoneal and oral LD50 of metronidazole were 516.9 mg/kg, 3061.8 mg/kg respectively. The oral LD50 of chlorpyrifos was 13.705 mg/kg, intraperitoneal treatment of metronidazole with Oral treatment of chlorpyrifos in ratio 1:1, 1: 0.5, and 0.5:1, respectively of LD50 at the same time increased LD50 for metronidazole and chlorpyrifos and the isobolographic analysis showed that the points of interaction occurred above the diagonal line connecting between LD50 of each; while oral treatment of metronidazole and chlorpyrifos in ratio 1:0.5 LD50 at the same time decreased LD50 for metronidazole and chlorpyrifos and the point of interaction was above the diagonal line connecting between LD50 of each in conclusion we found that isobolografhic analysis for metronidazole and chlorpyrifos in different percentages and routs of treatment reveal to antagonist effect despite the similarity in the toxic signs.

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“…The permissible limited concentration of Cu ion in Iraqi water environment is 0.05 mg/l. As pollution concentration is 0.199 mg/l, a high concentration of Cu inters the body through the digestive tract, gills, and accumulation in the tissue lead to abnormal locomotor responses and adverse pathological effects in fish and other aquatic organisms (7)(8)(9)(10). Delahaut et al (11) reported the significant effects of Cu in gill electrolytes and cause reduction in sodium ions and cause, an imbalance of osmoregulation in C. carpio and cause damage to gill, kidney, liver, and spleen architecture (12), blood lysis, and anemia in Clarias lazera, and enzyme activity disturbances (13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphohistopathological alteration in the gills and central nervous system in Cyprinus carpio exposed to lethal concentration of copper sulfate

Saied¹,

Al-Taee²,

Al-Taee³

2022

IJVS

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Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) is the most used in aquaculture as chemotherapeutic bath against bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases but it is very toxic for fish so the goal of this study was to determine the lethal concentration of CuSO4 and evaluate it is toxicity in the gill and central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) in Cyprinus carpio. Fish exposed to 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L for 24 hours, each concentration with three replication each have six fish. The mortality rate was 100% at concentration 10 mg/L, which represented lethal concentration, while medium lethal concentration (LC50) was determined by Trevan method and it is 5mg/L. The fish with LC100 concentration exhibit abnormal respiration with gasping swimming, nervous sings with up down and stay at basin then die at 2-3 hours. The histopathological examination of the gills revealed circulatory disturbances, cellularity reaction, progressive and regressive alteration, this microscopic alteration was evaluated as semi-quantities analysis and there was variable significant (P≤0.05) in the pathological alteration and gill indexes between two treatments. In the brain and spinal cord, the lesions are represented by vasogenic edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells with atrophy in the neuronal body cells and hemorrhage. It is concluded from this study that the use of copper sulfate is within limited concentrations because increasing its concentration leads to fish toxicity, and it was observed that the gill tissue is more sensitive to toxicity than the central nervous system.

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Determination of the lethal concentration 50% (LC50) of lead chloride and its accumulation in different organs of Gambusia affinis fish

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Histopathological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the liver of Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica

Histopathological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the liver of Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica

Acute toxicity of metronidazole and its interaction with chlorpyrifos in chicks

Morphohistopathological alteration in the gills and central nervous system in Cyprinus carpio exposed to lethal concentration of copper sulfate

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