Bioremediation of terbuthylazine contaminated soil: a bibliometric and systematic review

Abstract

A contaminação por pesticidas representa um perigo para o meio ambiente em todo o mundo devido a seus processos de mobilidade e infiltração. Os herbicidas compreendem 47,5% dos pesticidas disponíveis no mundo sendo usados geralmente para proteger a cultura, porém existem várias maneiras pelas quais podem contaminar o solo. A atrazina tornou-se um dos herbicidas mais populares do mundo, porém seu uso causou contaminação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas pela molécula e seus produtos de degradação, sendo proibido em diversos países Europeus. A terbutilazina é utilizada nos países europeus como substituta no manejo químico em razão de suas características de menor solubilidade em água, maior hidrofobicidade e potencial de maior retenção no solo. Apesar de suas características favoráveis, a terbutilazina é atualmente um dos pesticidas mais frequentemente detectados em águas marinhas em países da União Europeia. A contaminação prolongada do solo está associada à liberação do metabólito DET e ao alto risco de contaminação também em águas subterrâneas. Um melhor conhecimento sobre as interações e agregação de materiais do solo facilitará o desenvolvimento de materiais biorremediadores para aumentar a sorção e diminuir a dissipação de pesticidas nos solos.

Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine

“…This process is aided by TrzN enzymes catalyzing the initial stage of dechlorination, which produces the hydroxy-s-triazine metabolite as well as AtzB and AtzC, which catalyze the sequential deamination of N-alkyl side amines [38]. The conversion of terbuthylazine in soil is very important for the environment, as the resulting metabolites are less toxic than the initial compound itself [6,38]. According to Tonello et al [6], the most active in the terbuthylazine transformation in the soil are bacteria belonging to the following classes: Betaproteobacteria (represented by Advenella incenata and Janthinobacterium lividum), Gammaproteobacteria (represented by the Pseudomonas sp.…”

“…The conversion of terbuthylazine in soil is very important for the environment, as the resulting metabolites are less toxic than the initial compound itself [6,38]. According to Tonello et al [6], the most active in the terbuthylazine transformation in the soil are bacteria belonging to the following classes: Betaproteobacteria (represented by Advenella incenata and Janthinobacterium lividum), Gammaproteobacteria (represented by the Pseudomonas sp. strain MHP41, and Arthrobacter sp.…”

“…This may indicate their adaptation to the new conditions changing in the soil environment under the influence of herbicides. According to Tonello et al [6], the most active fungi in the degradation of herbicides from the triketone group are Aspergillus oryzae and Penicillium brevicompactum, belonging to the class, Eurotiomycetes, and Lentimula edode, belonging to the class, Agaricomycetes. In the present research, the soil was mainly colonized by the fungi from the Humicola and Chaetomium genera, belonging to the Sordariomycetes class and by Mortierella, belonging to the Mortierellomycetes class.…”

“…The effects of pesticides on the soil ecosystem entail the response of soil microorganisms and enzymes, and the magnitude of these effects depends on their physicochemical properties (molecular weight or lipophilicity) as well as on the properties of soil (soil texture and structure, pH, temperature, humidity, adsorption capacity, and biological activity) [5]. In addition, Tonello et al [6] have shown that the ability of these chemicals to migrate in soil is also influenced by the partition coefficient (K ow ).…”