Bioremediation of TNT‐contaminated soil: A laboratory study

Widrig, David L.; Boopathy, Ramaraj; Manning, John F.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620160608

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The main criticisms of the compost technique are the long incubation time, the cost of setting up and maintaining the system, and the lack of knowledge about the bacteria and fungi involved in the process. Land farming is a solid-phase treatment process in which contaminated soil is mixed with nutrients and moisture, using periodical mechanical turning of the soil mixture to increase aeration (71,117,250). Widrig et al (250) investigated an innovative approach to land farming for the bioremediation of TNT-contaminated soil using molasses as a cosubstrate and shredded grass to improve soil management properties.…”

Section: Applications In Tnt Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Land farming is a solid-phase treatment process in which contaminated soil is mixed with nutrients and moisture, using periodical mechanical turning of the soil mixture to increase aeration (71,117,250). Widrig et al (250) investigated an innovative approach to land farming for the bioremediation of TNT-contaminated soil using molasses as a cosubstrate and shredded grass to improve soil management properties. Degradation of TNT was demonstrated by mineralization of [ 14 C]TNT and the presence of 14 C in the cell biomass as trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material.…”

Section: Applications In Tnt Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Esteve‐Núñez

Caballero

Ramos

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

421

287

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Nitroaromatic compounds are xenobiotics that have found multiple applications in the synthesis of foams, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and explosives. These compounds are toxic and recalcitrant and are degraded relatively slowly in the environment by microorganisms. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most widely used nitroaromatic compound. Certain strains of Pseudomonas and fungi can use TNT as a nitrogen source through the removal of nitrogen as nitrite from TNT under aerobic conditions and the further reduction of the released nitrite to ammonium, which is incorporated into carbon skeletons. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and other fungi mineralize TNT under ligninolytic conditions by converting it into reduced TNT intermediates, which are excreted to the external milieu, where they are substrates for ligninolytic enzymes. Most if not all aerobic microorganisms reduce TNT to the corresponding amino derivatives via the formation of nitroso and hydroxylamine intermediates. Condensation of the latter compounds yields highly recalcitrant azoxytetranitrotoluenes. Anaerobic microorganisms can also degrade TNT through different pathways. One pathway, found in Desulfovibrio and Clostridium, involves reduction of TNT to triaminotoluene; subsequent steps are still not known. Some Clostridium species may reduce TNT to hydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes, which are then further metabolized. Another pathway has been described in Pseudomonas sp. strain JLR11 and involves nitrite release and further reduction to ammonium, with almost 85% of the N-TNT incorporated as organic N in the cells. It was recently reported that in this strain TNT can serve as a final electron acceptor in respiratory chains and that the reduction of TNT is coupled to ATP synthesis. In this review we also discuss a number of biotechnological applications of bacteria and fungi, including slurry reactors, composting, and land farming, to remove TNT from polluted soils. These treatments have been designed to achieve mineralization or reduction of TNT and immobilization of its amino derivatives on humic material. These approaches are highly efficient in removing TNT, and increasing amounts of research into the potential usefulness of phytoremediation, rhizophytoremediation, and transgenic plants with bacterial genes for TNT removal are being done

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Section: Applications In Tnt Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications In Tnt Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Esteve‐Núñez

Caballero

Ramos

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

421

287

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“…It is an extra-cellular natural substance produced during precisely controlled fermentation processes using certain bacterial strains [18] [19]. Its molecular weight was 650 g/mol.…”

Section: Biosurfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Aerobic Biodegradation of Soil Contaminated with Explosives (TNT and PETN) By Rhamnolipid

Karami¹,

Amin²,

Bina³

et al. 2017

Eurasian J Anal Chem

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The aim of this study was to investigate the bioremediation of two explosives 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) in mixture by aerobic process. Microbial inocula were obtained from a textile wastewater treatment plant activated sludge. Addition of rhamnolipid surfactant (60 mg/l) increased the removal efficiencies of TNT and PETN from 53% and 57% to 98% and 91%, respectively. Explosives degradation reaction is expressed to be of first-order and the kinetic reaction parameters are calculated based on different initial concentrations of TNT and PETN. The first-order rate constants of the rhamnolipid amended experiments were at least 3 orders and 2.5 orders of magnitude higher for TNT and PETN, respectively, than those found for not amended rhamnolipid experiments. The metabolites pentaerythritoldinitrate,3-hydroxy-2,2-bis [(nitrooxy)methyl]propanal,and2,2-bis-[(nitrooxy)methyl]-propanedialfor PETN and2-amino-4, 6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2, 6-dinitrotoluene for TNT were identified by LC-MS. Concomitant degradation of TNT and PETN resulted in decrease of environment pH. Inoculated bacteria have capability to use of explosive as source of nitrogen and energy. It seems that the addition of rhamnolipid showed great potential for treatment of explosives by textile activated sludge.

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“…Treatment alternatives for energetic compounds in soils are fairly well-established, and they include soil washing, composting/landfarming, and anoxic biodegradation (Pennington et al, 1995;Boopathy and Manning, 1998;Widrig et al, 1997;Fuller et al, 2003). Additionally, a number of recently completed or ongoing efforts are focused on the further development of phytoremediation, surface soil amendments, and OB practices to remediate surface soil contamination (see Section 5.1.2).…”

Section: Streams Sediments Groundwater and Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable NATO/EU Partnership for the Future

Pfrengle¹

2008

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Bioremediation of TNT‐contaminated soil: A laboratory study

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Biological Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Biological Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Enhanced Aerobic Biodegradation of Soil Contaminated with Explosives (TNT and PETN) By Rhamnolipid

A Sustainable NATO/EU Partnership for the Future

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