Biorenewable hydrogen production through biomass gasification: A review and future prospects

Cao, Lu; Yu, Iris K.M.; Xiong, Xinni; Tsang, Daniel C.W.; Zhang, Shicheng; Clark, James H.; Hu, Changwei; Ng, Yun Hau; Shang, Jin; Ok, Yong Sik

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109547

Cited by 383 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Biological H 2 production H 2 is a product of microorganisms' metabolism using biomass and organic wastewater as raw materials. Based on the type of microorganisms and their metabolic mechanisms, the biological H 2 production technology includes water splitting H 2 production, photo-fermentative H 2 production, dark fermentative H 2 production, and H 2 production combined with photo-fermentation and dark fermentation [10].…”

Section: H 2 Production From Water Photocatalytically Decomposed By Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, the H 2 yield produced from coal is the highest (21.24 million tons), accounting for 63.54%, followed by H 2 produced from by-product gas (7.08 million tons), natural gas (4.6 million tons), and electrolyzed water (0.5 million tons). However, the H 2 contributions from supercritical steam coal [8], photocatalytic water decomposition with solar energy [9], and biological H 2 production [10] are still in the research and developmental stage ( Table 1). Different raw materials yield large differences in the composition and impurity contents of H 2 produced using various technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, we face a series of global challenges, including the growing depletion of fossil energy, environmental pollution, and global warming. The replacement of coal, petroleum, and natural gas by secondary energy resources is vital for sustainable development. Hydrogen (H2) energy is considered the ultimate energy in the 21st century because of its diverse sources, cleanliness, low carbon emission, flexibility, and high efficiency. H2 fuel cell vehicles are commonly the end-point application of H2 energy. Owing to their zero carbon emission, they are gradually replacing traditional vehicles powered by fossil fuel. As the H2 fuel cell vehicle industry rapidly develops, H2 fuel supply, especially H2 quality, attracts increasing attention. Compared with H2 for industrial use, the H2 purity requirements for fuel cells are not high. Still, the impurity content is strictly controlled since even a low amount of some impurities may irreversibly damage fuel cells’ performance and running life. This paper reviews different versions of current standards concerning H2 for fuel cell vehicles in China and abroad. Furthermore, we analyze the causes and developing trends for the changes in these standards in detail. On the other hand, according to characteristics of H2 for fuel cell vehicles, standard H2 purification technologies, such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation and metal hydride separation, were analyzed, and the latest research progress was reviewed.

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Section: H 2 Production From Water Photocatalytically Decomposed By Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

et al. 2021

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“…4). 25,26 Thermochemical processes include pyrolysis, gasification, steam reforming, and supercritical gasification, 21 whereas biochemical processes include bio-photolysis, biofermentation, and dark fermentation. 27 In the biochemical route, biomass can be converted into biofuels through various processes including anaerobic or aerobic digestion, fermentation, and acid hydrolysis.…”

Section: Making Hydrogen From Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57 Therefore, catalysts are often used to promote tar cracking and reduce the operating temperature as well as increase the hydrogen selectivity from biomass. 58 Some of the common catalysts are alkaline earth catalysts (e.g., KOH, KHCO 3 , Na 3 PO 4 , MgO, and NaOH), 26,59 metal-based catalysts (e.g., Ni/Al 2 O 3 . Ni/Al, Ni/Zn/Al, Cu/Zn/Zr, Rh/Zr/Ce, Pt/Co/CeO 2 , and Ru/SrO-Al 2 O 3 ), [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] and mineral catalysts (dolomite and olivine).…”

Section: Making Hydrogen From Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable hydrogen for the chemical industry

Rambhujun

Salman

Wang

et al. 2020

MRS Energy & Sustainability

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“…into syngas (also known as producer gas; consisting mainly of H2 and CO). Gasification processes use an oxygen source (pure oxygen, air, or steam) as a gasifying agent and reaction temperatures above 700 o C [5,6]. There is a consensus that the development of alternative fuels such as syngas from carbonaceous feedstock gasification can help decrease greenhouse gas emissions [7] as syngas is currently used for electricity and heat generation, as a transportation fuel, or as feedstock in the production of various chemicals [2].…”

Section: Background: Problem Statement and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Hydrodynamics of a Bench-Scale Top-Fed Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier using Biomass and Coal as Feedstocks

Sivri¹

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The production of synthetic gas (syngas) from renewable or carbon-neutral sources can significantly reduce greenhouse and other emissions associated with conventional fuels. One of the most promising technologies to efficiently convert carbonaceous feedstocks such as biomass, coal, or municipal waste into syngas for transportation, power, heat, electricity generation, and or production of added-value chemicals is the bubbling fluidized-bed gasifier (BFBG). However, the gasification process inside a BFBG is a very complex high-temperature multiphase flow phenomena still not well understood, particularly when binary mixtures are investigated. As a result, despite the numerous correlations in the literature developed to predict the hydrodynamics inside a BFBG, the results are inconsistent, particularly for the minimum fluidization velocity, Umf.As predicting the fluidization hydrodynamics is paramount for optimum gasification, this investigation observed the effect of some of the most important fluidization parameters such as the particle size and shape, fluidizing gas properties, moisture content, bed aspect ratio etc. This study designed and built two separate experimental platforms: a bench-scale BFBG with automated feeding and a cold flow model with the same geometry and dimensions as the BFBG. The experiments used well-characterized (i.e., known size and shape distribution, density, moisture content, initial mixing condition) inert material (sand, glass beads) and feedstock (biomass (sawdust) and coal). The cold flow investigation results showed that the initial mixing conditions for binary mixtures with biomass had a significant effect on the measured Umf. For example, the relative error in predicting Umf using the available correlation in the literature increased for segregated mixtures. Moreover, lower relative errors in Umf suggested that the fluidization quality was better if the mixture was initially well-mixed (premixed). In addition, a larger biomass moisture content decreased Umf of premixed binary mixtures but increased the relative error between the predicted and the experimental Reynolds number, Re. After reaching the minimum fluidization condition, the fluidization behavior and mixing at various flow rates were also recorded with a high-speed camera. The processed images were used to determine the interval for the fluidizing-gas superficial velocity that produced the best mixing for a particular mixture composition and initial conditions. The images showed that while segregated biomass mixtures did not mix if the bed aspect ratio was larger than five, coal mixtures did mix homogeneously along the reactor bed. Finally, experiments performed at temperatures up to 800 C showed a large increase in the bed pressure drop at minimum fluidization velocity with the bed temperature due to the large effect on the fluidizing gas density and viscosity. On the contrary, Umf decreased when the process temperature increased. Finally, preliminary biomass and coal gasification experiments in the BFBG setup produced...

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Biorenewable hydrogen production through biomass gasification: A review and future prospects

Cited by 383 publications

References 152 publications

A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

Renewable hydrogen for the chemical industry

A Study on the Hydrodynamics of a Bench-Scale Top-Fed Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier using Biomass and Coal as Feedstocks

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