A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

Du, Zhemin; Liu, Congmin; Zhai, Junxiang; Guo, Xin; Xiong, Yanyan; Su, Wei; He, Guangli

doi:10.3390/catal11030393

Cited by 196 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 100 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although it benefits from higher hydrogen recovery compared to the PSA technology predominantly used in hydrogen production plants, its major drawback is the high energy demand required for hydrogen separation and purification leading to increased costs [48,51,52]. In addition, an initial step is necessary to remove water, CO, CO 2 , and H 2 S (if present) from the feed gas in order to prevent component holdup at low temperatures [53]. This has consequently led to a decline in the adoption of cryogenic distillation as a separation technology to purify hydrogen from reformer or refinery off-gas.…”

Section: Blue Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Cryogenic Carbon Capture Innovations and Their Potential Applications

Font-Palma

Cann

Udemu

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our ever-increasing interest in economic growth is leading the way to the decline of natural resources, the detriment of air quality, and is fostering climate change. One potential solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from industrial emitters is the exploitation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Among the various CO2 separation technologies, cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) could emerge by offering high CO2 recovery rates and purity levels. This review covers the different CCC methods that are being developed, their benefits, and the current challenges deterring their commercialisation. It also offers an appraisal for selected feasible small- and large-scale CCC applications, including blue hydrogen production and direct air capture. This work considers their technological readiness for CCC deployment and acknowledges competing technologies and ends by providing some insights into future directions related to the R&D for CCC systems.

show abstract

Section: Blue Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Cryogenic Carbon Capture Innovations and Their Potential Applications

Font-Palma

Cann

Udemu

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Notably, carbon monoxide would poison fuel cells and degrade cell performance; thus, further purification of as-produced hydrogen is needed. The development of effective methods of hydrogen separation, therefore, has raised considerable interests within academia and industry [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroless Plating of High-Performance Composite Pd Membranes with EDTA-Free Bath

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-performance composite Pd membranes were successfully fabricated using electroless plating with an EDTA-free bath. The plating started with employing the one-time addition of hydrazine. In the experiment, the hydrazine concentrations and plating bath volumes were systematically varied to optimize the plating. The optimum composite Pd membrane tube showed high H2 permeance of 4.4 × 10−3 mol/m2 s Pa0.5 and high selectivity of 1.6 × 104, but poor cycling stability. Then, a method of sequential addition of the hydrazine from the high to low concentrations was employed. The resultant membrane, about 6 μm thick, still exhibited a high selectivity of 6.8 × 104 as well as a much-improved plating yield and cycling stability level; this membrane outperformed the membrane made using the unmodified plating technique with the EDTA-contained bath. This result indicates the EDTA-free bath combined with the sequential addition of hydrazine is a simple, low-cost, yet effective method for preparing thin, dense composite Pd membranes featuring high hydrogen permeation flux and high thermal durability.

show abstract

“…Although hydrogen produces zero-carbon emissions at the end-use point, it is not a primary source of energy, but it can be easily used as an energy carrier [2,3]. It can be produced starting from different sources, ranging from hydrocarbons to water, or thanks to the metabolism of microbial organisms [4]. It is noteworthy that all the energy chain is effectively "clean and sustainable" only when the hydrogen is produced by renewable energy sources [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen can be produced from renewable energy via water electrolysis [8] and, after storing, it can be re-used to feed fuel cells [9,10], which produce electricity and water as the only by-product. Independently of the particular synthesis route, hydrogen is inevitably accompanied by other gases which can be present also in large concentrations [4,11]. Presently, most of the hydrogen is produced via steam reforming of methane and it is foreseeable that still in the mid-term this process will provide the largest share of its production [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these reasons, hydrogen is characterized by the need of separation from impurities (mainly CO 2 and CO). In particular, fuel cells need extremely pure hydrogen, otherwise they become poisoned and their efficiency drastically decreases [4,13]. For this reason, it is necessary to purify the hydrogen gas streams before their exploitation (such as fuel cells and other end-user energy systems).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Promising Isotope Effect in Pd77Ag23 for Hydrogen Separation

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pd–Ag alloys are largely used as hydrogen separation membranes and, as a consequence, the Pd–Ag–H system has been intensively studied. On the contrary, fewer information is available for the Pd–Ag–D system; thus, the aim of this work is to improve the knowledge of the isotope effect on the commercial Pd77Ag23 alloy, especially for temperature above 200 °C. In particular, deuterium absorption measurements are carried out in the Pd77Ag23 alloy in the temperature range between 79 and 400 °C and in the pressure range between 10−2 and 16 bar. In this exploited pressure (p) and composition (c) range, above 300 °C the pc isotherms display the typical shape of materials where only a solid solution of deuterium is present while at lower temperatures these curves seem to be better described by the coexistence of a solid solution and a deuteride in a large composition range. The obtained results are compared and discussed with the ones previously measured with the lightest hydrogen isotope. Such a comparison shows that the Pd77Ag23 alloy exhibits a clear inverse isotope effect, as the equilibrium pressure of the Pd–Ag–D system is higher than in Pd–Ag–H by a factor of ≈2 and the solubility of deuterium is about one half of that of hydrogen. In addition, the absorption measurements were used to assess the deuteration enthalpy that below 300 °C is ΔHdeut = 31.9 ± 0.3 kJ/mol, while for temperatures higher than 300 °C, ΔHdeut increases to 43 ± 1 kJ/mol. Additionally, in this case a comparison with the lighter isotope is given and both deuteration enthalpy values result lower than those reported for hydrogenation. The results described in this paper are of practical interest for applications operating above 200 °C, such as membranes or packing column, in which Pd77Ag23 has to interact with a gas stream containing both hydrogen isotopes.

show abstract

A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

Cited by 196 publications

References 100 publications

Review of Cryogenic Carbon Capture Innovations and Their Potential Applications

Review of Cryogenic Carbon Capture Innovations and Their Potential Applications

Electroless Plating of High-Performance Composite Pd Membranes with EDTA-Free Bath

Promising Isotope Effect in Pd77Ag23 for Hydrogen Separation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About