Review of Cryogenic Carbon Capture Innovations and Their Potential Applications

Abstract

Our ever-increasing interest in economic growth is leading the way to the decline of natural resources, the detriment of air quality, and is fostering climate change. One potential solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from industrial emitters is the exploitation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Among the various CO2 separation technologies, cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) could emerge by offering high CO2 recovery rates and purity levels. This review covers the different CCC methods that are being developed, their benefits, and the current challenges deterring their commercialisation. It also offers an appraisal for selected feasible small- and large-scale CCC applications, including blue hydrogen production and direct air capture. This work considers their technological readiness for CCC deployment and acknowledges competing technologies and ends by providing some insights into future directions related to the R&D for CCC systems.

The Prospects of Clay Minerals from the Baltic States for Industrial-Scale Carbon Capture: A Review

“…The reduction of CO 2 emissions generally relies on its separation from flue gas from the combustion reactions. The technologies for CO 2 separation include six major methods, which are [41]:…”

“…At the same time, chemical operation is based on the use of a chemical adsorber or stripper and rotating columns to absorb CO 2 , where the rotation increases the chemical reactivity and the absorption efficiency [42]. The second absorption type, physical absorption of CO 2 , involves the use of units with various solvents and sorbents for gas separation, such as selexol, rectisol, fluor (econamine), purisol, and others [41,[43][44][45][46].…”

“…Technologies for CO 2 adsorption can be distinguished between adsorbent beds and the use of regeneration cycles. The fixed-bed adsorption generally utilizes activated carbon, alumina (synthetically produced Al 2 O 3 ), silica, zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), hydrotalcites, amine supported adsorbents, and polymers [41,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. Regeneration cycles, in turn, involve pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, steam, or moisture adsorption [41,[55][56][57].…”

“…The calcium looping technology uses the regenerative calcium cycle, where to separate CO 2 from flue gas, a metal is reversibly reacted between its carbonate form and its oxide form. Within this approach for CO 2 separation, the technology basically involves a loop of calcination and carbonation to remove CO 2 from flue gas [41,58].…”

“…Among these, the cryogenic distillation is amidst the most common conventional approaches. In turn, most unconventional methods involve various cryogenic fluids, heat exchangers, and cryogenic packed beds to fix CO 2 [41,[59][60][61].…”