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Purpose of the study. Is to describe the experience of creating a collection of biological images of tumor tissues and biomaterials, which are control samples, for scientific research in morphology and molecular oncology.Materials and methods. We studied the molecular markers of cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, oncogenesis and angiogenesis, the expression of proteins that regulate inflammation and tumor infiltrate cells in biocollections of verified tumors of common localizations: e. g. thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Also, tissue fragments with normal structure or non-tumor pathology (autoimmune thyroiditis, adenomatous and thyrotoxic goiter, benign formations of the colon, fibrocystic disease of the mammary glands, benign prostatic hyperplasia, endometrial hyperplasia) were used as control samples or comparison groups. The total number of tissue samples is n = 7000.Results. It is reasonable to gather the collection in a pathomorphological laboratory according to the profile of the medical institutions, which has a sufficient volume of incoming target material and specialized morphologists to verify tumors of a given localization. It is necessary to consider the regional and ethnic specifics of the population, which determines the sampling and mutational load. The laboratory must initiate an addition to the informed consent of patients about the possibility of conducting morphological and molecular genetic studies for scientific purposes and publishing their results in a depersonalized form for the development of new elaborations, when signing the contracts with legal entities and individuals and when serving patients within an institution. When working with biocollections, it has to consider having registers of tissue biomaterials of target disorder groups of main localizations with downloading by year from an accessible information system, consider external factors affecting the database (changes in clinical recommendations and classifications, the population of patients served, pandemics and other significant events). The standard of the preanalytical stage, data collection, development of protocols for analytical molecular genetic studies and their evaluation, the utilization of the capabilities of working with reagents for scientific tasks and modeling experiments on laboratory animals are crucial.Conclusion. The formed biocollection made it possible to carry out a number of initiative and funded domestic and international scientific projects at the request of clinicians and fundamental researchers, as well as to improve the quality standards of morphological and molecular genetic oncology diagnostics. Biobanking makes the pathological archive more accessible for review and use, significantly expanding its scientific and practical potential. Scientific and medical research do not conflict and can be used within the same laboratory.
Purpose of the study. Is to describe the experience of creating a collection of biological images of tumor tissues and biomaterials, which are control samples, for scientific research in morphology and molecular oncology.Materials and methods. We studied the molecular markers of cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, oncogenesis and angiogenesis, the expression of proteins that regulate inflammation and tumor infiltrate cells in biocollections of verified tumors of common localizations: e. g. thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Also, tissue fragments with normal structure or non-tumor pathology (autoimmune thyroiditis, adenomatous and thyrotoxic goiter, benign formations of the colon, fibrocystic disease of the mammary glands, benign prostatic hyperplasia, endometrial hyperplasia) were used as control samples or comparison groups. The total number of tissue samples is n = 7000.Results. It is reasonable to gather the collection in a pathomorphological laboratory according to the profile of the medical institutions, which has a sufficient volume of incoming target material and specialized morphologists to verify tumors of a given localization. It is necessary to consider the regional and ethnic specifics of the population, which determines the sampling and mutational load. The laboratory must initiate an addition to the informed consent of patients about the possibility of conducting morphological and molecular genetic studies for scientific purposes and publishing their results in a depersonalized form for the development of new elaborations, when signing the contracts with legal entities and individuals and when serving patients within an institution. When working with biocollections, it has to consider having registers of tissue biomaterials of target disorder groups of main localizations with downloading by year from an accessible information system, consider external factors affecting the database (changes in clinical recommendations and classifications, the population of patients served, pandemics and other significant events). The standard of the preanalytical stage, data collection, development of protocols for analytical molecular genetic studies and their evaluation, the utilization of the capabilities of working with reagents for scientific tasks and modeling experiments on laboratory animals are crucial.Conclusion. The formed biocollection made it possible to carry out a number of initiative and funded domestic and international scientific projects at the request of clinicians and fundamental researchers, as well as to improve the quality standards of morphological and molecular genetic oncology diagnostics. Biobanking makes the pathological archive more accessible for review and use, significantly expanding its scientific and practical potential. Scientific and medical research do not conflict and can be used within the same laboratory.
One of the most promising approaches to cancer treatment is immunotherapy. Suppression of immune checkpoints in tumor tissue (anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1) using monoclonal antibodies has increased the overall survival of patients with some forms of skin melanoma and lung cancer. However, the percentage of patients responding to treatment varies from 20 to 40% depending on the type of cancer and the expression of target molecules by the tumor. The main source of failure of immunotherapy is the tumor microenvironment, which affects both tumor cells and immune cells, causing them to adapt to immunotherapeutic drugs. It is known that the architecture and cellular composition of the microenvironment act on various tumor parameters, promoting the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells into the tumor tissue, as well as the expression of checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-L1, by tumor cells. Therefore, the complex composition of the tumor microenvironment must be taken into account when searching for new therapies and stratifying patients who may respond to immunotherapy. Therefore, in immunooncological studies, it is necessary to use three-dimensional cellular models that more fully reflect the architecture and cellular composition of the tumor. In this review, we evaluate 3D cell models as tools for research in the field of immuno-oncology, as well as for personalized treatment selection, the search for new targets, and the optimization of existing cancer immunotherapies.
Purpose of the study. This work was to assess the engraftment and growth dynamics of breast cancer xenografts during orthotopic and subcutaneous injection using various types of biological material, as well as to develop an adequate model of breast cancer for further research.Materials and methods. We used a disaggregated fragment of a tumor obtained from the patient, a certified breast cancer cell line VT20 – human breast carcinoma; a primary human breast carcinoma cell line. Female immunodeficient mice of the Balb/c Nude line in the amount of 36 animals were used as recipient animals. The subcutaneous and orthotopic models of breast cancer were developed in this project. Tumor growth was observed for 28 days from the moment of injection and tumor nodes were measured 2 times a week until the end of the experiment. Results were assessed using medians and percentiles. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to assess the significance of differences.Results. The dynamics of the growth of tumor cells when injected into various sites was determined in the process of this work. The most successful in terms of a subcutaneous injection was the injection of tumor cells of the certified VT20 line. By the end of the experiment, the median tumor node of this group was 100.32 mm³. The analysis revealed tumor dynamics with orthotopic injection of tumor material, and the median volume of the tumor node in the group with the passport culture cell VT20 and the primary culture cell reached the same value – 149.22 and 148.25. mm³. It was found that both the cell line and the cell suspension were injected into tumor nodes that reached a significantly larger volume when injected orthotopically.Conclusion. We have obtained a tumor model of breast cancer using various methods of material implantation and with the possibility of further use in testing new pharmacological substances.
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