Biosafety standards for working with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Weidmann, Manfred; Avšič–Županc, Tatjana; Bino, Silvia; Bouloy, M.; Burt, Felicity J.; Chinikar, Sadegh; Christova, Iva; Dedushaj, Isuf; Hussein, Hussein A.; Elaldı, Nazif; Hewson, Roger; Hufert, Frank T.; Humolli, Isme; Vuren, Petrus Jansen van; Tufan, Zeliha Koçak; Korukluoğlu, Gülay; Lyssen, Pieter; Mirazimi, Alì; Neyts, Johan; Niedrig, Matthias; Özkul, Aykut; Papa, Anna; Pawęska, Janusz T.; Sall, Amadou Alpha; Schmaljohn, Connie S.; Swanepoel, Robert; Uyar, Yavuz; Weber, Friedemann; Zeller, H.

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000610

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The only known human infection with CCHFV in Egypt happened in 1981. An Egyptian virologist died after mouth-pipetting a culture of a CCHFV isolate that he had brought from Iraq [ 324 ].…”

Section: Viral Zoonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Common Bacterial, Parasitic and Viral Zoonoses at the Human-Animal Interface in Egypt

2017

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Egypt has a unique geographical location connecting the three old-world continents Africa, Asia and Europe. It is the country with the highest population density in the Middle East, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean basin. This review summarizes the prevalence, reservoirs, sources of human infection and control regimes of common bacterial, parasitic and viral zoonoses in animals and humans in Egypt. There is a gap of knowledge conerning the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases at the human-animal interface in different localities in Egypt. Some zoonotic agents are “exotic” for Egypt (e.g., MERS-CoV and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus), others are endemic (e.g., Brucellosis, Schistosomiasis and Avian influenza). Transboundary transmission of emerging pathogens from and to Egypt occurred via different routes, mainly importation/exportation of apparently healthy animals or migratory birds. Control of the infectious agents and multidrug resistant bacteria in the veterinary sector is on the frontline for infection control in humans. The implementation of control programs significantly decreased the prevalence of some zoonoses, such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, in some localities within the country. Sustainable awareness, education and training targeting groups at high risk (veterinarians, farmers, abattoir workers, nurses, etc.) are important to lessen the burden of zoonotic diseases among Egyptians. There is an urgent need for collaborative surveillance and intervention plans for the control of these diseases in Egypt.

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“…The only known human infection with CCHFV in Egypt happened in 1981. An Egyptian virologist died after mouth-pipetting a culture of a CCHFV isolate that he had brought from Iraq [ 324 ].…”

Section: Viral Zoonosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Common Bacterial, Parasitic and Viral Zoonoses at the Human-Animal Interface in Egypt

2017

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“…Over the last few years, public health interest in CCHFV as an important zoonosis has increased, partly due to its vast geographical range, including its emergence in new foci; its high degree of genetic diversity with the capability for new and potentially highly-pathogenic variants to emerge ( Elevli et al, 2010 ; Salehi-Vaziri et al, 2016 ); and recent discussion on its use as a potential bio-weapon ( Christian, 2013 ). Consequently, CCHFV is classified as a bio-safety level 4 pathogen in countries where the disease is not endemic ( Weidmann et al, 2016 ). Globally, all newly identified cases of CCHF in humans and animals are an internationally notifiable disease, and must be reported to WHO and OIE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of an isolated case of human Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Central Uganda, 2015

Balinandi

Patel

Ojwang

et al. 2018

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most geographically widespread tick-borne viral infection. Outbreaks of CCHF in sub-Saharan Africa are largely undetected and thus under-reported. On November 9, 2015, the National Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Laboratory at the Uganda Virus Research Institute received an alert for a suspect VHF case in a 33-year-old male who presented with VHF compatible signs and symptoms at Mengo Hospital in Kampala. Methods A blood sample from the suspect patient was tested by RT-PCR for CCHF and found positive. Serological testing on sequential blood specimens collected from this patient showed increasing anti-CCHFV IgM antibody titers, confirming recent infection. Repeat sampling of the confirmed case post recovery showed high titers for anti-CCHFV-specific IgG. An epidemiological outbreak investigation was initiated following the initial RT-PCR positive detection to identify any additional suspect cases. Results Only a single acute case of CCHF was detected from this outbreak. No additional acute CCHF cases were identified following field investigations. Environmental investigations collected 53 tick samples, with only 1, a Boophilus decoloratus, having detectable CCHFV RNA by RT-PCR. Full-length genomic sequencing on a viral isolate from the index human case showed the virus to be related to the DRC (Africa 2) lineage. Conclusions This is the fourth confirmed CCHF outbreak in Uganda within 2 years after more than 50 years of no reported human CCHF cases in this country. Our investigations reaffirm the endemicity of CCHFV in Uganda, and show that exposure to ticks poses a significant risk for human infection. These findings also reflect the importance of having an established national VHF surveillance system and diagnostic capacity in a developing country like Uganda, in order to identify the first cases of VHF outbreaks and rapidly respond to reduce secondary cases. Additional efforts should focus on implementing effective tick control methods and investigating the circulation of CCHFV throughout the country.

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“…Currently, most reagents used for development of diagnostic tools are dependent on culturing the virus within the confines of a biosafety level 4 facility. The biosafety considerations limit the number of laboratories which are able to prepare reagents [ 10 ]. The current perceived risk of spread of the virus to non-endemic regions highlights the importance of increasing diagnostic capacity and serological surveillance using safe, standardized reagents [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitope-mapping of the glycoprotein from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus using a microarray approach

et al. 2018

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes severe acute human disease with lethal outcome. The knowledge about the immune response for this human health threat is highly limited. In this study, we have screened the glycoprotein of CCHFV for novel linear B-cell epitopic regions using a microarray approach. The peptide library consisted of 168 synthesized 20mer peptides with 10 amino acid overlap covering the entire glycoprotein. Using both pooled and individual human sera from survivors of CCHF disease in Turkey five peptide epitopes situated in the mucin-like region and GP 38 (G15-515) and GN G516-1037 region of the glycoprotein were identified as epitopes for a CCHF immune response. An epitope walk of the five peptides revealed a peptide sequence located in the GN region with high specificity and sensitivity. This peptide sequence, and a sequence downstream, reacted also against sera from survivors of CCHF disease in South Africa. The cross reactivity of these peptides with samples from a geographically distinct region where genetically diverse strains of the virus circulate, enabled the identification of unique peptide epitopes from the CCHF glycoprotein that could have application in development of diagnostic tools. In this study clinical samples from geographically distinct regions were used to identify conserved linear epitopic regions of the glycoprotein of CCHF.

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Biosafety standards for working with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Cited by 43 publications

References 60 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Common Bacterial, Parasitic and Viral Zoonoses at the Human-Animal Interface in Egypt

A Comprehensive Review of Common Bacterial, Parasitic and Viral Zoonoses at the Human-Animal Interface in Egypt

Investigation of an isolated case of human Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Central Uganda, 2015

Epitope-mapping of the glycoprotein from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus using a microarray approach

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