Biosecurity and bovine respiratory disease

Callan, Robert J.; Garry, Franklyn B.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(02)00004-x

Cited by 157 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although BRD is a disease of concern for biosecurity because of its widespread incidence in cattle (Callan and Garry, 2002), BRD can be controlled by decreasing pathogen transmission between animals. Management practices that decrease pathogen introduction, exposure, and transmission are important initial steps; however, because total eradication of BRD pathogens is not likely, decreasing pathogen transmission between animals can be achieved by removing affected animals and avoiding crowding.…”

Section: Effect Of Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predisposing causes for BRD (Callan and Garry, 2002) in preweaned calves are generally concurrent, often synergistic, and include age, stress, immunological background, dehydration, nutritional stress, and inadequate passive immunoglobulin transfer. Environmental risk factors include climate, ambient temperature, dust particles, exposure to noxious gases, stocking density, humidity, and ventilation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of breed, heterozygosity, and disease incidence on estimates of variance components of respiratory disease in preweaned beef calves

Snowder

Vleck

Cundiff

et al. 2005

Journal of Animal Science

100

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to characterize genetic and environmental factors influencing bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle. Records from nine purebred and three composite breeds and a variety of F 1 and three-way crosses, including the progeny of 12 additional different sire breeds produced over a 20-yr period (1983 to 2002), were evaluated for breed and heterozygosity effects on the observed incidence of BRD. Heterozygosity fractions for calves and dams were defined by generalized breed origins: British, Continental, and tropically adapted. Variance components were estimated for each pure and composite breed, and across all breeds and crossbreeds. The effect of incidence of observed BRD was determined by comparing groups of low and high years of incidence. Respiratory disease in this herd followed a standard epidemiological pattern of initial introduction, reaching an epidemic stage at 70 to 170 d of age, followed by a period of rapid decrease to weaning. Estimates of heritability of incidence of BRD were low, ranging from 0.00 to 0.26, with overall estimates of 0.07 and 0.19 depending on

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Section: Effect Of Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of breed, heterozygosity, and disease incidence on estimates of variance components of respiratory disease in preweaned beef calves

Snowder

Vleck

Cundiff

et al. 2005

Journal of Animal Science

100

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“…Predisposing causes (Callan and Garry, 2002) are generally synergistic and include age, stress (comingling, weather, nutritional changes, etc. ), and immunological background.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle: Environmental, genetic, and economic factors

Snowder

Vleck

Cundiff

et al. 2006

Journal of Animal Science

344

271

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to characterize genetic, environmental, and economic factors related to the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot calves. Records from 18,112 calves representing 9 breeds (Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Pinzgauer, Red Poll, and Simmental) and 3 composite types (MARC I, MARC II, and MARC III) over a 15-yr period (1987 to 2001) were evaluated. Disease incidence was observed and recorded by station veterinary and technical staff. The incidence of BRD varied across years, with the annual observed incidence ranging from 5 to 44%. From 1987 to 1992, the annual average incidence generally exceeded 20%. However, in later years the annual incidence did not exceed 14%. The epidemiological pattern indicated that BRD infection increased dramatically after 5 d on feed and remained high until approximately 80 d on feed. Previous BRD infection during the preweaning period did not influence subsequent BRD infection in the feedlot. Steers were more likely to become sick with BRD than heifers; castration before entry in the feedlot may be a predisposing cause. Few significant differences among breeds were detected for BRD incidence.

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“…The cause is multifactorial and disease appears to result from the interaction of infectious microorganisms and such predisposing factors as host defence, environment and stress (Hartel et al, 2004). Viral pathogens usually play a role and may cause primary respiratory disease and mild respiratory disorder in calves (Baule et al, 2001;Callan and Garry, 2002). Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, or the Mollicutes Mycoplasma dispar and Mycoplasma bovis are usually associated with concurrent virus infection (Arcangioli et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma bovis and bacterial pathogens in the bovine respiratory tract

Gabinaitienė¹,

Šiugždaitė²,

Žilinskas³

et al. 2011

Vet. Med.

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Bovine respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis is a major health problem of cattle worldwide. It inflicts considerable financial losses on beef herds and is the most common cause of mortality in dairy cattle. Bacteriological examination of 35 nasal cavity samples from calves younger than three months of age identified Mycoplasma bovis in eight (22.9%) samples. These cattle were followed until 17 months of age, and repeated examination of nasal cavity samples before necropsy identified Mycoplasma bovis in four (11.4%) samples. At necropsy and lung samples for bacteriological and histological examination were collected. To identify microorganisms from the Mollicutes class isolated from the nasal cavities of cattle we used the PCR method. Furthermore, Mycoplasma bovis was identified on the grounds of biochemical characteristics and by the disk growth inhibition test. The organism was found in 5.7% of calves younger than three months of age in combination with Pasteurella spp. Mycoplasma bovis in combination with Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 5.7% and 2.9% of cattle at 17 months. However, Pasteurella multocida was common in cattle at 17 months and Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from both age groups of cattle. Histopathological examination of lung samples revealed broncho-interstitial pneumonia in 14.3% of samples. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated from 60.0% of broncho-insterstitial pneumonia cases. The organism was isolated more frequently from the group of calves rather than from the cattle group (P < 0.05). The most common bacterial agents were Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica.

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Biosecurity and bovine respiratory disease

Cited by 157 publications

References 35 publications

Influence of breed, heterozygosity, and disease incidence on estimates of variance components of respiratory disease in preweaned beef calves

Influence of breed, heterozygosity, and disease incidence on estimates of variance components of respiratory disease in preweaned beef calves

Bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle: Environmental, genetic, and economic factors

Mycoplasma bovis and bacterial pathogens in the bovine respiratory tract

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